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近年来，人们重新重视起了小麦地方品种，并将其视为农艺性状遗传变异的重要资源。笔者用来自伊朗东南部７个普通小麦地方品种的５３个纯系估测了１３个生长发育和数量性状的遗传变异状况及遗传力。用通径分析将籽粒产量与６个籽粒产量构成因素间的遗传相关分成了直接相关和间接相关两部分。还将地方品种的平均值与来自加利福尼亚和伊朗的３个改良品种作了比较。各地方品种之间以及来自这些地方品种的各纯系之间，所有检测性状的基因型差异均高度显著。就平均值而言，与现代品种相比，地方基因型的抽穗期较晚，植株较高，穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量及收获指数较低。有些地方基因型的籽粒产量与现代品种相近。穗粒数、株穗数、千粒重及收获指数表现出中到高的遗传变异。遗传力估计值的范围为５９％（籽粒产量）到９９％（至开花的天数）。株穗数、穗粒数、千粒重的期望遗传进展（占平均值的％）为３４％左右。至抽穗和至开花的天数与株穗数、生物学产量及秸秆产量呈正相关，与穗粒数和收获指数呈负相关。株穗数对籽粒产量的直接效应较强，但却完全被它通过穗粒数和千粒重的负间接效应抵消了。穗粒数和千粒重与籽粒产量呈正相关，并对籽粒产量有较大的直接效应。然而，这两个性状之间呈负相关，一个的直接?
In recent years, people have re-emphasized the wheat landraces and regarded them as important resources for the genetic variation of agronomic traits. The author used 53 pure lines from 7 common wheat landraces in southeastern Iran to assess the genetic variation and heritability of 13 growth and development traits. Using the path analysis, the genetic correlation between the grain yield and the six grain yield components was divided into two parts: the direct correlation and the indirect correlation. The average of local breeds was also compared with three improved breeds from California and Iran. The genotype differences of all the tested traits were highly significant among the local varieties and among the pure lines from these local varieties. As far as the average is concerned, local genotypes had a later heading date, higher plants, fewer grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, lower grain yield and harvest index than modern varieties. In some places genotypes have similar grain yields to modern varieties. The number of grains per spike, panicles per plant, grain weight per panicle and harvest index showed moderate to high genetic variation. Heritability estimates range from 59% (grain yield) to 99% (to days of flowering). The number of panicles per plant, the number of grains per panicle, the expected genetic progress of 1000-grain weight (% of the average) was about 34%. The number of days from heading to flowering was positively correlated with plant spike number, biological yield and straw yield, but negatively correlated with spikelet number and harvest index. The direct effect of panicle number on grain yield was strong but completely offset by its negative indirect effect on grain number and grain weight. There was a positive correlation between grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight and grain yield, and a greater direct effect on grain yield. However, is there a negative correlation between these two traits, one direct?