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1951年10月1日,新中国第一个少数民族自治旗(县)——鄂伦春自治旗在内蒙古呼伦贝尔盟宣告成立。从此,鄂伦春族在中国共产党领导下,从原始社会末期直接进入社会主义社会,实现了鄂伦春族发展史上的第一次历史性跨越。狩猎曾是鄂伦春人最重要的生产活动。鄂伦春人的狩猎不是乱捕滥猎,他们只求维持温饱,无意储存多余的物品。他们与大自然保持着一种微妙和谐的平衡。鄂伦春人的捕鱼业是与狩猎业结合在一起的,每年的夏秋是鄂伦春人捕鱼的旺季。采集是鄂伦春人谋食的重要辅助手段。采集的食品主要有山芹菜、野韭菜、蘑菇、榛子、蓝莓、稠李子、山丁子等。鄂伦春人采集的习惯一直延续到今天。
On October 1, 1951, the first autonomous minority nationality flag (or county) in the People’s Republic of China was established in Hulun Buir League, Inner Mongolia. Since then, under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, the Oroqen people have directly entered the socialist society from the primitive society and have achieved the first historic leap in the history of the development of the Oroqen. Hunting was the most important production activity of Oroqen. Oroqen hunting is not chaos hunting, they only seek to maintain adequate food and clothing, no intention to store excess items. They maintain a subtle and harmonious balance with nature. Oroqen’s fishing industry is combined with the hunting industry, and summer and fall each year is the peak season for Oroqen fishing. Collection is Oroqen important means of seeking food aid. The main food collected mountain celery, wild leeks, mushrooms, hazelnuts, blueberries, thick plums, such as Hill Dingzi. Oroqen people’s habits have been extended to this day.