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目的 了解河南省居民对药品不良反应(ADR)的认知情况及其影响因素,为提高居民安全用药意识提供基础研究.方法 于2016年7-9月采用简单随机抽样法对河南省15个市的城乡2 146位居民进行问卷调查,并对数据进行分析.结果 调查对象中知道存在ADR为74.00％(1 588/2 146),ADR知晓率随文化程度的升高而升高(P＜0.05);在不同职业中医务工作者ADR知晓率最高为89.09 ％(98/110)(P＜0.05);在不同年龄段中20～39岁ADR知晓率最高为76.35 ％(878/1 150) (P＜ 0.05).对ADR理解上,只有57.83％(1 241/2 146)的调查对象能正确选出ADR的定义,即使在知道药品存在不良反应的人群中也只有63.66％(1 011/1 588)的人选出正确选项.logistic回归分析结果显示性别、文化程度为中专、职业为医务工作者、国家公务员公司职员、离退休人员是影响ADR处理方式的因素.结论 河南省居民对ADR的知晓情况一般,对ADR是否需要报告及上报程序不了解.相关部门应加大有关ADR知识的普及力度,提高居民安全用药意识.“,”Objective To examine the status and influencing factors of cognition on adverse drug reaction (ADR) among community residents in Henan province and to provide a basis for promoting safe medication in the population.Methods Using a self-designed anonymous questionnaire and simple random sampling,we conducted a across-sectional survey among 2 146 urban and rural residents in 15 municipalities of Henan province between July and September 2016.We adopted descriptive statistics,chi-square test,and logistic regression analysis in data analyses.Results The awareness rate of ADR was 74.00％ (1 588/2 146) and the rate rose with the upgrade of education level (P ＜ 0.05) among the respondents.Compared to the respondents with other occupations and other ages,the medical workers and those aged 20-39 years showed highest awareness rate (98/110,P ＜ 0.05;878/1 150,P ＜ 0.05).The correct definition of ADR was recognized by 57.83 ％ (1 241/2 146) of all the respondents and 63.66 ％ (1 011/1 588) of the respondents being aware of ADR.Logistic regression analyses showed that significant factors affecting the way of ADR management were gender,with the education of technical secondary school,being a medical worker,working as civil servant or a company staff,and being retired.Conclusion The awareness of ADR is at a general level but the awareness of the necessity of ADR reporting and the procedure of ADR reporting are poor among community residents in Henan province,suggesting that education on ADR needs to be promoted among the population for safe medication.