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恩格斯曾强调道:“政治、法律、哲学、宗教、文学、艺术等的发展是以经济为基础的。但是,它们又都互相影响并对经济基础发生影响。”这便意味着政治、文学是独立的两个“有”(存在),而不是纯粹的一个或者可以重合的两个。为此,在马克思对社会构成的划分中,政治和文学同属于上层建筑,都是一种意识形态,只不过文学是一个“远离经济基础的意识形态”罢了。何谓文学?文学是“艺术的基本样式之一,亦称语言艺术。它以语言文字为媒介和手段塑造艺术形象,反映社会生活,表现人们的精神世界,通过审美的方式发挥其多方面的社会作用”。何谓政治?政治是指“阶级之间、民族之间、社
Engels once emphasized: ”The development of politics, law, philosophy, religion, literature, art, etc. is based on the economy, but they both influence each other and affect the economic foundation.“ ”This means that politics, Literature is independent of two “” (existence), rather than pure one or two can overlap. Therefore, in the division of social structure by Marx, both politics and literature belong to the same superstructure. Ideology is only an “ideology far from economic base.” Literature is one of the basic styles of art, also known as language art, it uses language and text as a medium and means to create an artistic image that reflects the social life, the performance of people’s spiritual world, through the aesthetic way to play its multifaceted Social function “. What is politics? Politics means ”between classes, between nations, and communities."