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1864年(同治三年),新疆爆发反清举义,清朝在当地的统治受到严重威胁。伊犁将军于仓卒中未经奏请清廷批准,即自行向俄国西西伯利亚衙门提出借兵请求。迫于边疆局势危机,清廷对议借俄兵予以认可,并就此与俄驻京公使举行交涉。惟在此案交涉中清廷、伊犁将军及俄国三方想法各异,致使燃眉交涉迁延数月,及至伊犁陷落,终无结果。数年后俄国又以前清廷曾议借俄兵为口实,出兵强占伊犁。本文拟以档案史料为主,试对同治年间伊犁将军议借俄兵案真象作出澄清和辨析,以求教于各位学者同仁。
In 1864 (three years of Tongzhi), the outbreak of anti-qing in Xinjiang was justified and the rule of the Qing Dynasty on the ground was seriously threatened. General Yili, who had not made any attempt to attack the Qing court without permission, submitted his own solicitation to the Yamen in West Siberian Russia. Under pressure from the crisis in the border areas, the Qing court approved the proposal of using Russian soldiers and negotiated with the Russian ambassador to Beijing. However, during the negotiations in the case, the Qing court, general Ili and the three parties in Russia all had different ideas, resulting in a delay of several months in the negotiations and the fall in Yili. A few years later Russia and the Qing government once again tried to use Russian soldiers as an excuse to send troops to seize Ili. This paper intends to file historical materials mainly to try to clarify and differentiate the truth of the Russian soldiers case by Yili Generals during the Tongzhi years in order to learn from the scholars and colleagues.