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摘要:英国著名语言学家Wilkins, David A. (1972). 在Linguistics in Language Teaching. (翻译过来是《语言教学理论》)中曾说过"Without grammar very little can be conveyed; Without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed."“没有语法,能表达的内容很少,没有词汇则什么也表达不了”。 因为词汇只是一个个孤立的组成部分,没有语法的词汇就如没有树干和树枝的树叶,只是一片零散的叶子。语法学习在英语学习中的地位由此可见。语法重要,然而由于传统的照本宣科似的语法的讲授却让英语语法失去了原有的活力甚至生命力,使得语法学习枯燥无味,学生听到语法就头疼,看见语法题就不会,因此老师也怕上语法课。大家都对语法学习及语法教学失去了信心。幸运的是在一次偶然听课的过程中让我对语法的教学做重新思考,对自己的教学重新审视及调整。以下我将借助现在完成进行时“have/has been doing”来诠释我对新课改下语法教学的思考与构想。
关键词:新课改 语法 现在完成进行时
英国著名语言学家Wilkins, David A. (1972). 在Linguistics in Language Teaching.I have learned English since 1999. I graduated from YNNU in 2009. So, I have graduated from university since 2009. let me ask you some question and you will use the given patterns to answer my questions)
Eg: 1. How long have I been an English teacher?
You have been an English teacher for 4 years.
Or you have been teaching English for 4 years.
2. How long have I learned English?
You have learned English for 14 years now .
Or you have been learning English for 14 years .
在呈現完对话后老师让学生思考,现在完成进行时有哪些特点?(学生先自己观察继而小组讨论,在广泛征集答案之后而不完整的话教师再给出答案)
1.结构 : have/ has been doing
2.在这一语法结构下表达的中文意义 :动作发生在过去, 一直持续到现在并将继续持续下去。 比如例句中的教书及学英语的动作都开始于过去,持续到现在并将持续下去。
3.在这一语法中for 和since的区别:for 与一段时间连用而 since与具体的时间点连用。
一、丰富有趣的活动设计让学生再感受并理解接受现在完成进行时。
在这个环节中教师创设一系列的以学生为中心,贴近学生生活的教学活动,通过一系列的教学活动,让学生真正理解并接受这一语法点。以下是教师创设的情境之一:
Ok, ss please answer my questions. Take out your pen and paper to write them down.
what’s your hobby?
when did you start doing it?
how long have you been doing it?
why do you like doing it?
After answering all the questions, making a dialogue with your partner using the given patterns.
Eg: A: what’s your hobby?
B: my hobby is ……
A: when did you start doing it?
B: I started doing it …….
A: how long have you been doing it?
B: I have been doing it……
A: why do you like doing it ?
B: I like doing it because….
同桌之间如此反复练习表演次对话,直至能脱稿表演,在表演过程中学生对此语法点加以揣测,加以推敲直至完全理解,当然此活动还可以换为动画片的形式,让学生进行配音表演等。
have been doing sth.是现在完成进行时态,表示一直在发生的动作、一直存在的状态 如:1. I have been waiting for your phone call these days. 2. He has been watching TV since I came back.have been done 是现在完成时态的被动语态形式,表示sth已经完成。如:1. The desks have been cleaned. 2. The broken window has been repaired. have done 是现在完成时态的谓语部分,表示说话时存在的状态;或者已持续一段的行为。如:1. I have seen the film . 2. We have learned English for 3 years. 二、活动设置跟社会热点跟学生身边发生的大事接轨,让语法学习接地气,让学生确实觉得语法学习有用。
有趣,有用的东西才能激发学生学习的兴趣,所以在教学活动中挖掘语法在现实活动中的生命力是每个教师义不容辞的事。以下教师给出要求要求学生按要求完成任务。
四川雅安地区发生了7.0级地震,地震发生后有很多士兵、医生、护士及志愿者赶到这里进行救援工作。现在你将以记者的身份分别对他们进行采访。注意在采访过程中尽量使用现在完成进行时。
R: Hello, nice to meet you! I am a reporter from Xinhua newspaper, and may I ask you some questions.
D: Of course. Go ahead!
R: How long have you been working here?
D: I have been working here for 10 days/ I have been working here since the day the earth shaked.
R: So, I guess you must be very tired now.
D: Yes, but as long as it is good to people, we are happy.
R: Thank you so much! We wish Yaan will be better soon! Bye!…
當然还可以采访士兵、志愿者、护士等。在此对话中既练习了本单元的重点句型,又教会了学生如何把英语和发生在身边的事联系到了一起,让学生体会到英语在他们生活中有用。而且还让学生们知道人们要一方有难八方支援,要有同情心。对学生进行了一次情感教育。
三、动手写作,让所学的东西学以致用,落实到书面上,用现代的交流方式把你的成果展示给老师。
在这一活动中,学生把所学句型运用到写作中,进一步巩固所学东西。
Eg: The ss will write a passage with the given information and given writing patterns.
Name: Jackie Chen
Job: movie star
Nationality: China
Appearance: tall a bit fat with small eyes and big nose
Hobby: collecting watches
How long: for 26years
How many: hundreds of
When you finished your writing, send an email to your teacher. ( 在作文中可附加图片,使得你的文章图文并茂.)
当然,英语语法教学的形式是多样的,作为教育者我们有必要也有责任帮助学生找到学习的最好方法,也有责任为学生提供给他们他们需要和有用的东西。
关键词:新课改 语法 现在完成进行时
英国著名语言学家Wilkins, David A. (1972). 在Linguistics in Language Teaching.I have learned English since 1999. I graduated from YNNU in 2009. So, I have graduated from university since 2009. let me ask you some question and you will use the given patterns to answer my questions)
Eg: 1. How long have I been an English teacher?
You have been an English teacher for 4 years.
Or you have been teaching English for 4 years.
2. How long have I learned English?
You have learned English for 14 years now .
Or you have been learning English for 14 years .
在呈現完对话后老师让学生思考,现在完成进行时有哪些特点?(学生先自己观察继而小组讨论,在广泛征集答案之后而不完整的话教师再给出答案)
1.结构 : have/ has been doing
2.在这一语法结构下表达的中文意义 :动作发生在过去, 一直持续到现在并将继续持续下去。 比如例句中的教书及学英语的动作都开始于过去,持续到现在并将持续下去。
3.在这一语法中for 和since的区别:for 与一段时间连用而 since与具体的时间点连用。
一、丰富有趣的活动设计让学生再感受并理解接受现在完成进行时。
在这个环节中教师创设一系列的以学生为中心,贴近学生生活的教学活动,通过一系列的教学活动,让学生真正理解并接受这一语法点。以下是教师创设的情境之一:
Ok, ss please answer my questions. Take out your pen and paper to write them down.
what’s your hobby?
when did you start doing it?
how long have you been doing it?
why do you like doing it?
After answering all the questions, making a dialogue with your partner using the given patterns.
Eg: A: what’s your hobby?
B: my hobby is ……
A: when did you start doing it?
B: I started doing it …….
A: how long have you been doing it?
B: I have been doing it……
A: why do you like doing it ?
B: I like doing it because….
同桌之间如此反复练习表演次对话,直至能脱稿表演,在表演过程中学生对此语法点加以揣测,加以推敲直至完全理解,当然此活动还可以换为动画片的形式,让学生进行配音表演等。
have been doing sth.是现在完成进行时态,表示一直在发生的动作、一直存在的状态 如:1. I have been waiting for your phone call these days. 2. He has been watching TV since I came back.have been done 是现在完成时态的被动语态形式,表示sth已经完成。如:1. The desks have been cleaned. 2. The broken window has been repaired. have done 是现在完成时态的谓语部分,表示说话时存在的状态;或者已持续一段的行为。如:1. I have seen the film . 2. We have learned English for 3 years. 二、活动设置跟社会热点跟学生身边发生的大事接轨,让语法学习接地气,让学生确实觉得语法学习有用。
有趣,有用的东西才能激发学生学习的兴趣,所以在教学活动中挖掘语法在现实活动中的生命力是每个教师义不容辞的事。以下教师给出要求要求学生按要求完成任务。
四川雅安地区发生了7.0级地震,地震发生后有很多士兵、医生、护士及志愿者赶到这里进行救援工作。现在你将以记者的身份分别对他们进行采访。注意在采访过程中尽量使用现在完成进行时。
R: Hello, nice to meet you! I am a reporter from Xinhua newspaper, and may I ask you some questions.
D: Of course. Go ahead!
R: How long have you been working here?
D: I have been working here for 10 days/ I have been working here since the day the earth shaked.
R: So, I guess you must be very tired now.
D: Yes, but as long as it is good to people, we are happy.
R: Thank you so much! We wish Yaan will be better soon! Bye!…
當然还可以采访士兵、志愿者、护士等。在此对话中既练习了本单元的重点句型,又教会了学生如何把英语和发生在身边的事联系到了一起,让学生体会到英语在他们生活中有用。而且还让学生们知道人们要一方有难八方支援,要有同情心。对学生进行了一次情感教育。
三、动手写作,让所学的东西学以致用,落实到书面上,用现代的交流方式把你的成果展示给老师。
在这一活动中,学生把所学句型运用到写作中,进一步巩固所学东西。
Eg: The ss will write a passage with the given information and given writing patterns.
Name: Jackie Chen
Job: movie star
Nationality: China
Appearance: tall a bit fat with small eyes and big nose
Hobby: collecting watches
How long: for 26years
How many: hundreds of
When you finished your writing, send an email to your teacher. ( 在作文中可附加图片,使得你的文章图文并茂.)
当然,英语语法教学的形式是多样的,作为教育者我们有必要也有责任帮助学生找到学习的最好方法,也有责任为学生提供给他们他们需要和有用的东西。