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目的了解和掌握泰安市境内大汶河主干流域居民恶性肿瘤死亡现状及其分布特征。方法采用现况调查方法,对2002-2004年泰安市境内大汶河主干流域及对照区居民进行以恶性肿瘤为主的全死因回顾性调查。以国际疾病分类标准(ICD-10)进行死因编码和根本死因推断,计算死亡率,死因构成等指标。结果共调查6个县(市、区)44个乡镇,其中研究区34个乡镇,年均人口为1 815 588人;对照区10个乡镇,年均人口358 472人。研究区恶性肿瘤年均标化死亡率为189.17/10万,对照区年均标化死亡率为162.63/10万,二者差异有统计学意义(U=5.81,P<0.001)。两区恶性肿瘤死亡居人群全死因顺位第2位,且以食管癌为其首位肿瘤死因。大汶河流域上游地区恶性肿瘤标化死亡率(148.12/10万)显著低于中下游地区(180.11/10万)(U=7.25,P<0.001)。结论恶性肿瘤、特别是食管癌是大汶河流域居民的主要死因,尤以中下游地区为最高。因此,今后应进一步开展相关因素研究,以采取预防措施,控制发病。
Objective To understand and grasp the status quo and distribution characteristics of cancer deaths among residents in Dawenhe River in Tai’an City. Methods A retrospective survey of all causes of death caused by malignant tumors was conducted in residents of Dawenhe River and the control area in Tai’an City during 2002-2004. According to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), the cause of death coding and the basic cause of death were inferred, and the indicators such as the death rate and the cause of death were calculated. Results A total of 44 towns were surveyed in 6 counties (cities and districts), including 34 villages and towns in the study area, with an average annual population of 1 815 588 persons. In the control area, 10 townships and towns with an average annual population of 358 472 persons were investigated. The average annualized mortality rate of malignant tumors was 189.17 / lakh in the study area, and the annual average mortality was 162.63 / lakh in the control area. The difference was statistically significant (U = 5.81, P <0.001). Deaths from malignant tumors in the two districts rank the second place in the cause of all-cause deaths, and esophageal cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. The standardized mortality rate of malignant tumors in the upstream area of Dawenhe River was 148.12 / 100,000, which was significantly lower than that in the middle and lower reaches (180.11 / 100,000) (U = 7.25, P <0.001). Conclusions Malignant tumors, especially esophageal cancer, are the main causes of death among residents in Dawen River Basin, especially in the middle and lower reaches. Therefore, in the future, we should further carry out relevant factors in order to take preventive measures to control the incidence.