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化肥的施用为粮食增产起到很大作用,但不合理的施肥会对环境产生不良影响,特别是农田养分流失将造成农业非点源污染。为了系统、全面识别黄河流域农用地磷流失风险高低的空间分布情况和主要影响因子,服务于农业面源污染防治和现代化农业管理,本研究以地理信息系统(GIS)的空间分析功能和养分平衡计算等方法为依托,参照国际常用的磷指数法,对黄河流域主要农用地进行农业非点源磷污染风险评价。结果表明,风险指数以中高为主,分别占流域的41.85%和34.85%,主要分布在黄河沿岸及中下游农业开发地区;而低和很高的分别占11.62%和11.69%,分别集中位于流域的中部地区和东部广大下游冲积平原地区,此流域属于农用地磷流失风险指数中等流域。
Fertilizer application plays a significant role in increasing grain yield, but unreasonable fertilization will have an adverse impact on the environment. In particular, nutrient loss from agricultural land will cause agricultural non-point source pollution. In order to systematically and comprehensively identify the spatial distribution and main influencing factors of phosphorus loss in agricultural land in the Yellow River Basin and serve the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution and modern agricultural management, this study used the spatial analysis function of geographic information system (GIS) and nutrient balance Calculation and other methods, and according to the commonly used international P index method, the risk assessment of agricultural non-point source phosphorus pollution on the main agricultural land in the Yellow River Basin is evaluated. The results showed that the risk index was mainly middle and high, accounting for 41.85% and 34.85% of the basin respectively, mainly distributed in the Yellow River coast and the middle and lower reaches of agricultural development areas; while the low and high ones accounted for 11.62% and 11.69% respectively, Of the central region and the eastern part of the vast lower reaches of the alluvial plain, which belongs to the farmland phosphorus loss risk index medium watershed.