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棉花具有明显的杂种优势,可以大幅度提高产量,改善品质,增强抗逆性,具有巨大的经济效益和社会效益。美国是最早开展棉花杂种优势理论研究的国家,但生产上未能应用。印度是最早成功培育出杂交棉并在生产上应用的国家。而后,世界上许多产棉国都开展了棉花杂种优势利用研究。我国20世纪30年代开始这方面的工作,50年代研究了陆地棉和海岛棉种间杂种优势表现规律,培育了一些组合。70年代四川省发现“洞A”核雄性不育系后,曾利用该系筛选出几个杂交棉组合在四川省栽种。
Cotton has obvious heterosis, can greatly improve the yield, improve quality, enhance resistance, with great economic and social benefits. The United States is the earliest country to carry out the theoretical study of cotton heterosis, but the production failed to apply. India was the first country to successfully breed hybrid cotton and apply it in production. Later, many cotton producing countries in the world carried out studies on the utilization of cotton heterosis. China began its work in this field in the 1930s. In the 1950s, it studied the law of heterosis performance of upland cotton and island cotton, and cultivated some combinations. After the discovery of the “Dong A” nuclear male sterile line in Sichuan in the 1970s, several lines of hybrid cotton were screened by the line to be planted in Sichuan Province.