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在易卜生问题剧的影响下,以吉哈特·霍普特曼等为代表的剧作家在柏林成长起来。霍普特曼的《日出之前》、《织工们》等戏剧作品坚持书写底层民众,同时运用生理遗传学观点分析人物的命运,这种自然主义的戏剧文学倾向打破德国戏剧舞台上古典主义占据主流的传统。与法国认为自然主义延续并强调了现实主义有所不同的是,霍普特曼及其他德国剧作家将这场文学运动发展为一场“现代”的文学运动。在19世纪末德国戏剧繁荣发展的过程中,柏林见证并成就霍普特曼的伟大。柏林也由此超越慕尼黑、法兰克福等城市,开始掌握德国文学的领导权。
Influenced by the Ibsen drama, dramatists represented by Jihart Hopman grew up in Berlin. Hopman’s “Before the Sunrise” and “Weaver” insist on writing the bottom people, and analyze the fate of the characters from the point of view of physiological genetics. This naturalistic theatrical literature tendency breaks the classicism on the stage of German drama Mainstream traditions. In contrast with France’s continuation of naturalism and its emphasis on realism, Hopman and other German dramatists developed the literary movement into a “modern” literary movement. During the flourishing development of German theater in the late 19th century, Berlin witnessed and achieved the greatness of Hopman. From here, Berlin overtook cities like Munich and Frankfurt to begin to grasp the leadership of German literature.