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2006年12月份,国务院国有资产监督管理委员会主任李荣融表示,中国国有工业企业可能于2007年第一季度开始支付红利,这部分上缴的红利将先后用于企业的改革重组和投资弱势领域。这一消息甫出,便引起专家、学者们的激烈讨论,从国有企业收上来的红利该如何用?缴给谁?又由谁来管?是一刀切还是分类对待等等问题接踵而至。国企每年高达数千亿元的红利,原本应该为全民所有,但这部分红利仍被截留在大多数垄断企业内部,为国企独享,业界人士称之为“央企吃肉,全社会喝粥”。国企红利的分配制度和分配程序,关系到国企分红的实质是为谁所分享。国有资产从本质上说是属于全民所有的财产,国有资产经营中所获得的收益理应上缴国库,通过公共财政的使用,为全民所分享。如果国企上缴的红利不能惠及普通民众,则不能体现国有资本的全民收益权,国企分红也就有可能流于“换汤不换药”的表象。我国庞大的国企数量是举世无双的,国企要向大股东——国家上缴红利,目前,国际上这种分红制度几乎没有可供借鉴的模式;从这个意义上说,我国正面临一项分红制度创新。目前,国有及国有控股企业共12万多户,国资委只管理165家中央企业及各级地方国企,而游离在国资委监管边界之外的还有5大类国企,包括80多个国家部门下属的5000多家国企,铁路、烟草、邮政以及科教文卫等行政事业单位下属的国企。如果今年第一季度实行国企分红,意味着这些企业都要参与,那么每年数千亿元的国企红利将正式以非税收入纳入国库;与此同时,建立完善的国有资本预算制度也将给我国市场经济带来一次大的变革。
In December 2006, Li Rongrong, director of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, said that state-owned industrial enterprises in China may start paying dividends in the first quarter of 2007, and this part of bonus payment will be used for the reform, reorganization and investment of the disadvantaged. The news just came out, which aroused intense discussions among experts and scholars, how to use the dividends received from state-owned enterprises, who to pay for whom, and who to manage the problems. State-owned enterprises each year up to hundreds of billions of dollars in dividends, originally supposed to be owned by the whole people, but this part of the dividends are still being retained within the majority of monopoly enterprises for state-owned enterprises exclusive, industry insiders call it “central enterprises to eat meat, the whole society porridge ”. The distribution system and distribution procedures for dividends of state-owned enterprises concern the essence of the dividends for state-owned enterprises for whom they are to be shared. State-owned assets essentially belong to the property owned by the whole people. The proceeds from the operation of state-owned assets should be turned over to the treasury and be shared by the whole people through the use of public finance. If the bonuses paid by state-owned enterprises can not benefit ordinary people, they can not reflect the right of people’s rights to state-owned capital. Therefore, state-owned enterprise dividends may flow into the appearance of “changing the course without changing medicine”. China’s huge number of state-owned enterprises is unique in the world, state-owned enterprises should pay dividends to major shareholders - countries, at present, this international dividend system almost no model for reference; In this sense, our country is facing a dividend system Innovation. At present, there are more than 120,000 state-owned and state-controlled enterprises. SASAC manages only 165 central enterprises and local state-owned enterprises at all levels. There are also 5 major types of SOEs that are free from the regulatory borders of SASAC, including more than 80 national departments Under the more than 5,000 state-owned enterprises, railways, tobacco, postal and science, education and health and other administrative units under the state-owned enterprises. If the implementation of state-owned enterprise dividends in the first quarter of this year means that these enterprises must participate, then the annual bonuses of hundreds of billions of state-owned enterprises will be formally incorporated into the treasury by non-tax revenue. At the same time, the establishment of a sound state-owned capital budget system will also give China Market economy brought a big change.