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为研究氮肥后移对夏玉米叶片光合特性的改善、籽粒库容的调节以及增产效应,选择库容差异较大的玉米品种登海605和郑单958,利用滴灌水肥一体化方式设置氮肥全部(100%)底施、底施40%+十二叶展(V12)60%、底施40%+吐丝期60%和底施40%+十二叶展20%+吐丝期40%处理。结果表明,与一次性底施相比,氮肥分次施用处理登海605和郑单958穗位叶光合速率分别增加了14.4%~33.3%和6.1%~16.9%;籽粒建成期玉米素核苷含量、籽粒绝对含水量、体积分别提高了9.4%~53.0%、5.2%~13.5%、5.1%~13.5%和9.7%~45.9%、12.5%~36.4%、5.6%~30.6%;库容及光合速率的提高促进了籽粒灌浆速率,快速灌浆阶段的灌浆速率分别提高了0.66~2.24mg/(粒·d)和0.65~1.64mg/(粒·d)。最终2个品种的粒重及登海605的穗粒数显著提高,分别增产5.8%~13.6%和5.1%~12.4%。氮肥后移保证了夏玉米全生育期对氮素的需求,源库特性明显改善,产量显著提高,底施40%+十二叶展20%+吐丝期40%施肥方式效果最明显。
In order to study the improvement of photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize leaves, the adjustment of grain storage capacity and the stimulation effect, the maize cultivars Denghai 605 and Zhengdan 958 with different storage capacities were chosen to study the effects of postponing nitrogen fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics, ) At the end of the facilities, the bottom facilities 40% + Twelve Leaf Exhibition (V12) 60%, 40% + end of silking 60% and silt under 40% + 12 leaf 20% + silking 40%. The results showed that compared with the one-time bottom application, the photosynthetic rate of ear position leaves of Denghai 605 and Zhengdan 958 increased 14.4% -33.3% and 6.1% -16.9%, respectively. Nitrogen application rate of zeatin riboside The content of water, the absolute water content and the volume of grain increased by 9.4% -53.0%, 5.2% -13.5%, 5.1% -13.5% and 9.7% -45.9%, 12.5% -36.4% and 5.6% -30.6% The increase of grain rate accelerated the grain filling rate, and the grain filling rate increased by 0.66-2.24mg / (grain · d) and 0.65-1.64mg / (grain · d) respectively during fast grain filling stage. The grain weight of the final two cultivars and the grain number of Denghai 605 increased significantly, by 5.8% -13.6% and 5.1% -12.4% respectively. The nitrogen fertilizer migration ensured the demand for nitrogen in the whole growth period of summer maize. The characteristics of source and sink significantly improved and the yield increased significantly. The effect of 40% + 40% + 12% and 12% silviculture was the most obvious.