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注蒸汽开采稠油始于50年代末,已成为主要的提高采收率方法。在克思县内,蒸汽驱开采稠油产量达到64000m~3/d(400000B/D)以上。在加拿大和委内瑞拉已开始将热采法用于稠油和沥青砂,预计2000年各自稠油产量达到80000m~3/d(500000B/D)。在加州,一般采出0.2～0.5bbl 稠油,注入一桶水当量蒸汽,若采出6400m~3/d(40000B/D)稠油,注蒸汽约为12800～32000m~3/d(80000～200000B/D)。因此,具备大量的适用给水是绝对必要的。稠油开采所用的蒸汽通常用蒸汽锅炉制取,锅炉是单程列管的水平直接加热炉。这种锅炉只能生成70%～80%的合格蒸汽剩下30%～20%的水分以液相与蒸汽同时注入地层。
Steam injection of heavy oil began in the late 1950s and has become the major method of enhanced oil recovery. In Kes county, steam flooding production of heavy oil reached 64000m ~ 3 / d (400000B / D) above. In Canada and Venezuela, thermal recovery has started to be applied to heavy oil and tar sands, and the respective heavy oil production in 2000 is expected to reach 80,000 m 3 / d (500,000 B / D). In California, 0.2 ~ 0.5bbl of heavy oil is generally produced and a bucket of water equivalent steam is injected. If a heavy oil of 6400m 3 / d (40000B / D) is produced, steam injection is about 12800 ~ 32000m 3 / d (80000 ~ 200000B / D). Therefore, with a large number of suitable water supply is absolutely necessary. Steam used for heavy oil recovery is usually made with a steam boiler, which is a one-way horizontal direct furnace. This boiler can only generate 70% to 80% of the qualified steam leaving 30% to 20% of the water to the liquid and steam injected into the formation at the same time.