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目的分析上海市宝山区2010—2011年基本职业卫生服务试点2年的效果,探索符合宝山区实际的职业卫生服务模式。方法试点前后均进行地毯式的问卷调查,将调查结果录入专用数据库,数据用SPSS 13.0软件分析。结果试点期末,宝山区共有各类职业病危害企业973家,其中危害严重企业271家,一般危害企业702家,从事接触职业病危害的工人31 522人。职业病危害项目申报率100%,比试点前(45.1%)增加54.9%;职业健康监护率94.62%,比试点前(54.2%)增加40.42%;试点后开展职业病危害因素检测与评价及职业健康监护工作的企业数比试点前均显著增加(均P<0.01);申报企业职业卫生监督检查覆盖率100%,比试点前(38.4%)增加61.6%;中小企业职业病报告率100%,比试点前增加100%;企业负责人或职业卫生负责人职业病防治法律法规知识知晓率由培训前78.4%提高到培训后95.1%;不同岗位接触职业病危害因素工人职业病防治知识知晓率由54.9%提高到85.2%;职业病危害个人防护知识知晓率由80.2%提高到98.1%。结论该区建立了良好的职业病防治工作机制,各项试点目标指标均超额完成。
Objective To analyze the effect of pilot PES for two years from 2010 to 2011 in Baoshan District, Shanghai, and to explore the practical occupational health service mode in Baoshan District. Methods Before and after the test, questionnaires were conducted on the carpet. The survey results were entered into a dedicated database. The data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results At the end of the pilot period, there were 973 occupational hazards enterprises in Baoshan District, of which 271 were serious harm enterprises, 702 were generally endangered and 31 522 workers were exposed to occupational hazards. Occupational hazards accounted for 100% of the cases, which was 54.9% more than before the pilot (45.1%); occupational health supervision rate was 94.62%, up 40.42% over the pre-trial (54.2%). After the trial, occupational hazards were detected and evaluated and occupational health monitoring (P <0.01). The coverage rate of occupational health supervision and inspection of enterprises applying for registration was 100%, an increase of 61.6% compared with that before the trial (38.4%). The occupational disease reporting rate for SMEs was 100%, higher than that before the pilot Increase by 100%; the awareness rate of knowledge of laws and regulations on occupational disease prevention by head of enterprise or occupational health increased from 78.4% before training to 95.1% after training; awareness of occupational disease prevention and control among workers exposed to occupational hazards increased from 54.9% to 85.2% ; Awareness of occupational disease personal protection knowledge increased from 80.2% to 98.1%. Conclusion The district has established a good working mechanism of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases, and all the pilot target indexes have exceeded their completion.