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一、明确知识要点,做到答题方向清晰(一)河流的水文、水系特征及影响因素1.河流水文特征即水情,如流量、流速、水位、汛期、结冰期、含沙量以及特殊水文现象(如凌汛、断流)等方面。(1)流量:河流流量大小的变化主要取决于河流的补给量与流域面积的大小。一般来说,流域面积越大,河流流量越大;河流流量的时间变化主要取决于河流的补给方式。(2)水位(汛期):包括丰、枯水位时间,汛期长短等,主要与补给方式和河道特征有关。
First, a clear point of knowledge, to answer a clear direction (a) of the river hydrology, water system characteristics and influencing factors 1. Hydrological characteristics of rivers that water conditions, such as flow, velocity, water level, flood season, ice age, sediment and special Hydrological phenomena (such as Ling flood, cut off) and so on. (1) Flow rate: The change of river flow rate mainly depends on the recharge amount of river and the size of catchment area. In general, the larger the catchment area, the greater the river flow. The time variation of the river flow mainly depends on the recharge mode of the river. (2) Water level (flood season): including abundance, dry time, the length of flood season, etc., mainly related to the recharge mode and the characteristics of the river.