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目的了解永州市零陵区狂犬病的流行规律,为制定预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法采取描述流行病学方法对永州市零陵区2000-2009年报告的狂犬病进行分析。结果10年间共报告狂犬病69例,年均报告发病率1.19/10万,男性占62.3%,男性多于女性(χ2=8.43,P<0.01);年龄分布主要集中在0～10岁和50岁以上,占76.9%;职业分布以农民为主,占79.7%,其次为儿童(8.7%)、学生(7.3%);5-10月为发病高峰,占70.0%。结论养犬数量增加、犬只的免疫接种率低和缺乏有效管理是狂犬病疫情上升的主要原因;群众对狂犬病防治知识了解程度低以及预防处置费用高是影响人群暴露后进行规范处置的重要因素。
Objective To understand the prevalence of rabies in Lingling district of Yongzhou and to provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention and control measures. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the reported rabies in Lingling District of Yongzhou in 2000-2009. Results A total of 69 cases of rabies were reported in 10 years. The average annual incidence was 1.19 / lakh. The prevalence was 62.3% in males and more in males than in females (χ2 = 8.43, P <0.01). The distribution of age mainly concentrated in 0-10 and 50 years Accounting for 76.9%. The occupational distribution was mainly farmers (79.7%), followed by children (8.7%) and students (7.3%). The peak incidence was from May to October (70.0%). Conclusions The increase of the number of dogs, the low vaccination rate and the lack of effective management of dogs are the main reasons for the increase of rabies epidemic. The low level of public knowledge on rabies control and the high cost of prevention and treatment are the important factors that influence the standardized treatment after exposure.