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本文在梳理《中国农民反行为研究(1950-1980)》一书文脉的基础上,通过分析20世纪50年代国家集体化运动中农民反行为的起源、发展与定型过程,以及人民公社时期农民反行为对集体经济与官僚体制的影响,从而揭示农民反行为如何推动80年代农村改革的议题。本文还延伸讨论了反行为对当代中国改革的启示意义,认为在特定国家—社会关系背景下,反行为也许是促生当前中国改革的主要压力机制。其尽管对民众减少利益损失有一定作用,却代价高昂,甚至造成国家和社会的双输。因此要克服其弊端,还是应该主动改革不合理的国家与社会关系格局,将民众以反行为对制度或政策所做的负向反馈转变为合理制度下国家与民众的正向博弈,并最终重塑民众尤其是底层群体与国家的互动模式。
On the basis of combing the context of “Chinese Peasants’ Anti-Behaviors (1950-1980)”, by analyzing the origins, development and stereotypes of peasants’ counteraction in the national collectivization movement of the 1950s and peasants’ The Impact of Anti-Behaviors on the Collective Economy and the Bureaucratic System Reveals How Peasant Anti-Behaviors Promote Rural Reform in the 1980s. This article also extends the meaning of the anti-acts to the reform of contemporary China. It also argues that anti-acts may be the main stress mechanism to promote the current reform in China in the context of the specific country-society relations. Although it has a certain effect on reducing the loss of public interests, it has been costly and has even caused the country and society to lose twice. Therefore, to overcome its shortcomings, we should take the initiative to reform the unreasonable pattern of the relationship between state and society and transform the public’s negative feedback on institutions or policies into a positive game between the state and the people under a rational system and eventually weigh heavily In particular, the populace has modeled the interaction between the grassroots groups and the state.