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该文综述了国内外林木生物技术育种的现状与进展.林木组织培养及其工厂化育苗技术,细胞工程种苗工厂化生产新技术,林木体细胞胚胎发生、植株再生和人工种子技术,林木原生质体培养和细胞杂交,体细胞突变体的筛选与利用和林木基因工程育种等是林业面向21世纪的新型产业.21世纪我国林业生物技术育种,要充分重视拥有自主知识产权的林木基因和基因工程品种培育,同时林木基因工程应从单基因生物抗性转向持久抗性,生物抗性转向非生物因子抗性;要重视优良基因型的体细胞胚胎发生工程的实用化和自动化研究、常规育种技术与现代生物技术的有机结合.对林木转基因植株的环境安全性评估问题也作了讨论.“,”We are facins with the challenges of evolutionary transition from traditional technology to modern-bio technology. The current progresses and prospecting in forestry biotechnology and tree breeding were reviewed in this paper. The woody plants tissue culture and industrial plants mass production with embryogen-esis embryo technology, artificial seeds, gene engineering and tree breeding is the new type of industry in the 21st century. We should pay more attention on these topics, such as tree gene patent; gene transferred tree varieties with own gene patent, multiple genes transfer, physiological resistant gene transfer, and embryoge-nesis embryo auto-production. However, we should notice that all the modern biotechnology was based on the traditional technology of tree breeding. The problems regarding with the safety of gene transferred woody plants was discussed also.