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目的了解3～15岁少年儿童视力低常病因中屈光不正的规律。方法对我院2005年1月～12月视光学门诊3～6岁192例、7～15岁809例共1001例(1987眼)视力低常者进行散瞳验光并统计分析。结果3～6岁:远视眼299眼占78.9%;近视眼46眼占12.1%;混合散光眼34眼占9%。7～15岁组:近视眼1172眼占72,9%,其中7￣10岁女孩近视率明显高于同龄男孩(P<0.01);远视376眼占23.4%;混合散光60眼占3.7%。屈光度以低度为主;中度近视女孩较男孩多,有显著性差异(P<0.01)矫正视力7～15岁组较3￣6岁组好,矫正视力不良多见于高度屈光不正。结论视力低常者中学龄前儿童以远视为主符合眼屈光状态与年龄的关系。7～15岁少年儿童以近视眼多见;女孩近视低龄化且中度近视眼较男孩多。
Objective To understand the regularity of refractive errors in 3 ~ 15 years old children with low vision. Methods A total of 1001 cases (1987 eyes) with visual acuity of 192 eyes aged 3 ~ 6 years and 809 eyes of 7 ~ 15 years old in our hospital from January to December 2005 underwent mydriatic optometry and statistical analysis. The results of 3 to 6 years: 299 eyes accounted for 78.9% of hyperopia; 46 eyes accounted for 12.1% of myopia; mixed astigmatism 34 eyes accounted for 9%. 7 to 15 years old group: 1172 eyes accounted for 72.9% of myopia, of which 7 to 10 years old girl myopic rate was significantly higher than the same age boy (P <0.01); farsightedness 376 eyes accounted for 23.4%; mixed astigmatism 60 eyes accounted for 3.7%. Refractive degree was mainly low; moderate myopia girls more than boys, there was a significant difference (P <0.01), corrected visual acuity 7 to 15 years old group than 3 to 6 years old group, corrected visual acuity more common in high refractive errors. Conclusion The presbyopic children in presbyopia with hyperopia mainly fit the relationship between refractive status and age. 7 to 15-year-old children more common in myopia; girl younger myopia and moderate myopia than boys.