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Organ transplant is an advanced medical technology brought to China from the West in the latter half of the 20th century.Thanks to the strenuous efforts of generations,it has become a mature clinical practice,having saved the lives of a great number of patients suffering from end-stage organ failure.Different from other medical technologies,an organ transplant requires a donated transplantable organ,and the donation and allocation are embedded in social issues such as culture,tradition,ethics,and law.Therefore,the govment should play a leading role in the extensive application of transplant technology to build a managing system in line with social ethics,to motivate the public to register for gratuitous organ donations,to assure the donors of their legitimate interests and benefits through reasonable donation procedures and regulations,and to guarantee the just allocation and reasonable utilization of organs.While developing organ transplant technology,the west countries have established a complete legal management framework.For instance,in the United States,National Organ Transplant Act was promulgated in 1984,and institutions such as Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN),Organ Procurement Organization (OPO),and United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) were set up accordingly to ensure the rationality and legality of transplant services.