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随着中国快速城市化,传统的供水方式正面临严峻挑战,雨水利用这一古老的水资源利用技术,被实践证明是解决城市水问题的重要手段之一。与城市其他不透水面集雨利用相比较,屋面收集的雨水水质高,因此屋面集雨利用系统在世界上被广泛应用。本文建立了居住区屋面集雨利用潜力的计算方法,并据此计算出北京2002年～2007年居住区屋面依据实际年降水量和多年平均降水量可收集的水量分别为2.16亿m3和2.75亿m3,雨水利用对家庭生活用水的节水效率分别为7.2%和9.3%。通过分析影响北京雨水利用的因素,预测了2020年北京居住区屋面可收集水量与不同情景下的收集利用量。最后针对北京雨水利用存在的问题提出了相应的政策措施。
With the rapid urbanization in China, the traditional water supply modes are facing severe challenges. Rainwater utilization, an ancient water resource utilization technology, has been proved to be one of the important means to solve the urban water problems. Compared with other rainwater harvesting applications in the city, the rainwater collected by the roof is of high water quality, so roof rainwater utilization system is widely used in the world. In this paper, the calculation method of rainwater harvesting potential of roofing in residential area is established. Based on this, the amount of water collected in Beijing residential area from 2002 to 2007 based on the actual annual precipitation and the average annual precipitation is 216 million m3 and 275 million respectively m3, water saving efficiency of domestic use of water are 7.2% and 9.3% respectively. By analyzing the factors influencing the utilization of rainwater in Beijing, the amount of water collected in Beijing’s residential area in 2020 and the amount of water collected under different scenarios are predicted. At last, the corresponding policies and measures are put forward for the existing problems of Beijing rainwater utilization.