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晚新生代以来青藏高原的持续抬升对高原的地形地貌甚至河流网络产生了极大的影响,使得高原河流网络显现不同于其它地区的特色。为揭示青藏高原河网的发育规律和研究高原抬升对河流网络及地形地貌的影响,该文基于数字高程模型分析技术,从航天飞机雷达地形测绘使命(SRTM)数据中系统提取了青藏高原雅鲁藏布、金沙江、雅砻江、澜沧江、怒江和黄河上游这6条大河的河流网络,分析其典型河网参数,如河网分支比、长度比、面积比及坡降比等。通过与Horton定律描述的一般性河流网络进行对比分析,结果表明:河网在高原内部的1到6级河流很好地符合一般性河网的规律,而处在高原边缘的最高级河流较大地偏离Horton定律,高原边缘的差异抬升和断裂构造是影响河网发育的主要因素。
The continuous uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since the Late Cenozoic had a tremendous impact on the plateau’s topography and even the river network, making the plateau river network appear different from other regions. In order to reveal the law of the development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau river network and study the influence of plateau uplift on the river network and topography, based on the digital elevation model analysis technique, Tibet Plateau, Jinsha River, Yalong River, Lancang River, Nu River and the upper Yellow River. The typical river network parameters such as river network branch ratio, length ratio, area ratio and slope-to-fall ratio are analyzed. The results of comparison with the general river networks described by Horton’s law show that the river networks within the plateau of the first to sixth class are in good agreement with the law of the general river network and the most advanced rivers at the edge of the plateau are larger Deviation from Horton’s law, differential uplift and fault structure at the edge of the plateau are the main factors affecting the development of the river network.