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小儿呼吸道感染在日常诊断治疗中占有重要位置。但是,随着防治方法的进步,呼吸道感染的内容已发生很大的变化。其理由之一就是抗生素的进步。无潜在疾病的健康小儿其细菌性感染较易治愈,但并不意味这些感染容易控制,例如对抗生素敏感的细菌,引起感染减少,相反,对抗生素不敏感的细菌、弱毒性细菌、或真菌引起感染的比例相对增加;而且这些感染,由某些原因造成防御功能下降而造成的显性感染比无潜在疾病者为多。因此,这类患儿的感染,一方面用一般抗生素治疗效果不佳,另方面又因有宿主的不良因素,所以很难控制。宿主方面的因素主要是原发性和继发性免疫缺陷。在免疫缺陷的感染疾病中,呼吸道感染将占很大比例,是今后感染治疗中的一大课题。
Pediatric respiratory infections occupy an important place in the routine diagnosis and treatment. However, with advances in prevention and treatment, the content of respiratory infections has changed dramatically. One of the reasons is the progress of antibiotics. Healthy children without underlying disease are more likely to be cured of bacterial infections, but this does not mean that these infections are easily controlled, such as antibiotic-susceptible bacteria, causing a reduction in infection; conversely, antibiotic insensitive bacteria, virulent bacteria, or fungi The proportion of infections is relatively increased; and these infections, for some reason caused by a decline in defensive defenses than the dominant infection than no potential disease. Therefore, such infections in children, on the one hand with the general antibiotic treatment ineffective, on the other hand because of the host adverse factors, it is difficult to control. The main host factors are primary and secondary immunodeficiency. In the immunodeficiency of infectious diseases, respiratory infections will account for a large proportion of infection treatment in the future is a major issue.