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:长江上游干流流经青、藏、川、滇、鄂、渝 6省市 ,支流涉及甘肃、陕西、贵州 3省 ,流域面积为1 0 5 4× 1 0 4km2 ,人口 1 55亿 ,占全国国土面积的 1 1 1 %。长江上游地区经济发展相对落后 ,人均国民收入低 ,少数民族众多 ,与中下游经济发达地区差距很大。但上游地区蕴藏着巨大的经济开发潜能 ,丰富的水力和矿产等自然资源 ,以及农、林、牧等物产 ,对中下游地区经济发展有着巨大的支援作用。同时 ,由于自然地理上的相关性 ,又使上游地区的开发治理 ,对中下游地区的生态环境和可持续发展有着至关重要的作用。目前 ,长江上游森林植被大量减少 ,水源涵养能力下降 ,水土流失加剧 :泥石流、滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害严重 ,旱、洪灾害频发 ;沿江大量排放废气、废水、污水 ,使大气和水体严重污染。随着上游地区生态环境的日益恶化 ,给中下游地区带来严重危害 ,河道、湖泊、水库淤积加速 ,洪涝灾害频繁发生 ,造成中下游地区经济建设和人民生命财产的重大损失。因此 ,必须尽快对长江上游地区进行全面综合治理 ,尽快开展新一轮国土资源大调查 ,制定各种自然资源的合理开发利用和保护方案 ;控制沿江污染源的排放 ,建立大气和水体污染监测系统 ;运用高新技术 ,建立上游重点地带地壳形变的动态监测和预警系统 ,防治地?
: The mainstream of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River flows through 6 provinces and cities of Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei and Chongqing. Its tributaries cover 3 provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi and Guizhou. Its drainage area is 105.4 × 104km2 and its population is 15.5 million, Land area of 11.1%. The economic development in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is relatively backward with low per capita national income and numerous ethnic minorities. There is a wide gap between the economic development in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. However, the upper reaches contain huge potential for economic development, abundant natural resources such as water and minerals, and properties such as farming, forestry and animal husbandry, which have a huge supporting role in the economic development of the middle and lower reaches. At the same time, due to the natural and geographical correlation, the development and management of the upstream areas also play an important role in the ecological environment and sustainable development of the middle and lower reaches. At present, the quantity of forest vegetation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has been greatly reduced, water conservation capacity has been reduced and soil erosion has been exacerbated: geological disasters such as landslides, landslides and landslides are serious, and frequent floods and floods occur along the Yangtze River. . With the deteriorating ecological environment in the upper reaches of the region, it has brought serious harm to the middle and lower reaches of the country. River silt, lakes and reservoirs have accelerated the deposition of silt, causing frequent flood and flood disasters, causing heavy losses in the economic construction and people’s lives and property in the middle and lower reaches. Therefore, the comprehensive management of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River must be carried out as soon as possible, a new round of land and resources surveys should be carried out as soon as possible so as to formulate rational exploitation, utilization and protection plans for various natural resources; the control of discharges of pollution sources along the Yangtze River and the establishment of atmospheric and water pollution monitoring systems; The use of high technology, the establishment of key areas of upstream crustal deformation of the dynamic monitoring and early warning system, prevention and control?