论文部分内容阅读
在体育运动中,膝部的外伤是很常见的。尤其在球类、武术、田径、体操、举重等项运动时,常可发生急性的膝部外伤。反复轻微的膝部损伤,如不注意防治,则可引起慢性的膝部劳损。据国内外有关统计,其外伤挛仅次于踝关节。屈伸动作是膝关节的主要活动形式,当膝关节处于半蹲位时,小腿可有少量的旋转活动。膝关节由股骨下端、胫骨上端和髌骨组成,在股骨和胫骨间左右各有一块半月状的软骨衬垫,上下有十字韧带牢固地连接着,关节腔由大而松的关节囊包绕,囊的两侧有坚强的侧付韧带支持固定。膝关节的前方有股四头肌腱膜覆盖着髌骨,并以髌腱固定在胫骨前上方的粗隆部。当股四头肌收缩时,牵拉髌骨和髌腱,使
Knee trauma is very common in sports. Especially in the ball games, martial arts, athletics, gymnastics, weightlifting and other sports, often can occur acute knee injury. Repeated slight knee injury, if not pay attention to prevention and treatment, can cause chronic knee strain. According to statistics at home and abroad, its traumatic clonus is second only to ankle joint. Flexion and extension movements are the main activities of the knee joint. When the knee joint is in a squat position, the lower leg may have a small amount of rotation. The knee joint consists of the lower femur, the upper end of the tibia and the patella. There is a semilunar cartilage liner between the femur and the tibia. The upper and lower cruciate ligaments are firmly connected. The articular cavity is surrounded by a large, loose joint capsule. Both sides have strong lateral ligaments to support fixation. The anterior quadriceps tendon covered the patella and was fixed with the patellar tendon to the superior trochanter above the anterior tibia. When the quadriceps contraction, pull the patella and patellar tendon