论文部分内容阅读
倒装句是高中英语重要语法项目之一,也是近几年重要的高考考点之一。它有全部倒装和部分倒装两种形式。其主要用法如下:
一、全部倒装
全部谓语置于主语前叫全部倒装。
1. here, there, up, down, in, out, away, in front of, behind等表示方位、处所的副词或介词短语位于句首时,若句子的主语为名词,句子需要全部倒装。如:
①In front of the village runs a small river. 这个村子前面有一条小河潺潺流过。(全部倒装)
②Out rushed the boy. 这个男孩冲了出去。 (全部倒装)
注意:若句子的主语为代词,则用部分倒装,主谓不倒装。如:
③Out he rushed. 他冲了出去。 (部分倒装)
2. such 作表语位于句首时,全部倒装。如:
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the greatest scientist of the 20th century. 这就是爱因斯坦,一个朴素的人,也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。
二、部分倒装
1. 以含有否定意义的词或短语开头时,句子要部分倒装。其句型为:“否定词+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分”。常见的这类放在句首的词有:hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely,never, seldom, little, neither, nor, nowhere, not only, not until, no sooner,by no means, in no case, in no way, on no condition, under/in no circumstances等。如:
①Hardly does he have enough to live on.他几乎没有足够的钱为生。
②No sooner had they got home than it began to rain.他们刚到家就开始下雨了。
2. so, such位于句首,后面带有表语或状语时,其后面的主句要部分倒装。如:
So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.他开车这么粗心以致于差点使自己丧命。
3. so, neither, nor位于句首,表示前面句子表示的情况也适用于另外一个(些)人或物时,句子要用部分倒装。其句型为:“So/ Neither/Nor +be/have/助动词或情态动词+主语”。如:
①Li Ming can speak three languages. So can his brother.李明会说三种语言,他弟弟也会。
②If you don’t go to the cinema, neither will I.如果你不去看电影的话,我也不去。
③After that we never saw her again, nor did we hear from her.从那以后我们再也没见过她,也没收到她的信。
但是,如果so 引出的句子只是重复前句的内容,表示对前句内容的肯定或确认,则句子不用倒装。如:
④—It is very hot today. 今天天气很热。
—So it is. 的确很热。
4. 以only开头,且only强调状语时,主句要用部分倒装。其句型为:“Only+介词短语/副词短语/状语从句+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分”。如:
①Only in this way can you learn English well.只有用这种方法你才能学好英语。
②Only when one loses health does one know its value.只有当人们身体不好的时候才认识到健康的重要性。
但如果only 位于句首强调主语时,句子不倒装。如:
③Only his mother was invited. 只有他妈妈被邀请了。
5. as引导让步状语时,从句要部分倒装,将表语、状语或谓语的一部分置于句首。其句型为:“名词(不带冠词)/
形容词/副词/实义动词+as+主语 +其他成分”。如:
①Young as he is, he knows a lot of things.(= Although he is young, …)虽然他年龄不大,可知道的事情很多。
②King as he is, he is unhappy.(=Although he is a king, …). 虽然他是个国王,但是他并不幸福。
③Fast as you run, you can’t catch up with him.(= Although you run fast, …)尽管你跑得很快,你也赶不上他。
④Try as he did, he couldn’t solve the problem.(= Although he tried, …) 不管他怎么努力,他也没能解决这个问题。
有时候though引导的让步状语从句也用此倒装句型。
6. 频度副词often, always, once等位于句首时,句子要部分倒装。其句型为:“频度副词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分”。如:
①Often did we warn them not to do so.我们经常警告他们不要这样做。
②Always will we remember the importance of the meeting. 我们将永远记住这次会议的重要性。
7. if引导的虚拟条件句含有were, had,should, would, could 时,如果省略if,从句要部分倒装。其句型为:“Were/Had/Should/Would/Could +主语+其他成分”。如:
①Were you a bird, you should fly in the sky.(= If you were a bird, …).如果你是一只鸟,你就应该在天空飞翔。
②Had you come earlier, you could have seen him in the flesh.(=If you had come earlier, …) 如果你早点来的话,你就能见到他本人了。
③Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.(= If it should rain tomorrow, …)如果明天下雨,我们将推迟运动会。
8. 其他情况。
有时为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语,或为了使上下文衔接紧密,需要倒装。如:
①The soldiers arrived at a house, in front of which sat a small boy. 士兵们到达了一处房子,房前坐着一个小男孩。
②Gone are the days when we had to use“foreign oil”.我们用“洋油”的时代一去不复返了。
③To the list may be added the following names. 名单上还可以加上以下这些名字。
一、全部倒装
全部谓语置于主语前叫全部倒装。
1. here, there, up, down, in, out, away, in front of, behind等表示方位、处所的副词或介词短语位于句首时,若句子的主语为名词,句子需要全部倒装。如:
①In front of the village runs a small river. 这个村子前面有一条小河潺潺流过。(全部倒装)
②Out rushed the boy. 这个男孩冲了出去。 (全部倒装)
注意:若句子的主语为代词,则用部分倒装,主谓不倒装。如:
③Out he rushed. 他冲了出去。 (部分倒装)
2. such 作表语位于句首时,全部倒装。如:
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the greatest scientist of the 20th century. 这就是爱因斯坦,一个朴素的人,也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。
二、部分倒装
1. 以含有否定意义的词或短语开头时,句子要部分倒装。其句型为:“否定词+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分”。常见的这类放在句首的词有:hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely,never, seldom, little, neither, nor, nowhere, not only, not until, no sooner,by no means, in no case, in no way, on no condition, under/in no circumstances等。如:
①Hardly does he have enough to live on.他几乎没有足够的钱为生。
②No sooner had they got home than it began to rain.他们刚到家就开始下雨了。
2. so, such位于句首,后面带有表语或状语时,其后面的主句要部分倒装。如:
So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.他开车这么粗心以致于差点使自己丧命。
3. so, neither, nor位于句首,表示前面句子表示的情况也适用于另外一个(些)人或物时,句子要用部分倒装。其句型为:“So/ Neither/Nor +be/have/助动词或情态动词+主语”。如:
①Li Ming can speak three languages. So can his brother.李明会说三种语言,他弟弟也会。
②If you don’t go to the cinema, neither will I.如果你不去看电影的话,我也不去。
③After that we never saw her again, nor did we hear from her.从那以后我们再也没见过她,也没收到她的信。
但是,如果so 引出的句子只是重复前句的内容,表示对前句内容的肯定或确认,则句子不用倒装。如:
④—It is very hot today. 今天天气很热。
—So it is. 的确很热。
4. 以only开头,且only强调状语时,主句要用部分倒装。其句型为:“Only+介词短语/副词短语/状语从句+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分”。如:
①Only in this way can you learn English well.只有用这种方法你才能学好英语。
②Only when one loses health does one know its value.只有当人们身体不好的时候才认识到健康的重要性。
但如果only 位于句首强调主语时,句子不倒装。如:
③Only his mother was invited. 只有他妈妈被邀请了。
5. as引导让步状语时,从句要部分倒装,将表语、状语或谓语的一部分置于句首。其句型为:“名词(不带冠词)/
形容词/副词/实义动词+as+主语 +其他成分”。如:
①Young as he is, he knows a lot of things.(= Although he is young, …)虽然他年龄不大,可知道的事情很多。
②King as he is, he is unhappy.(=Although he is a king, …). 虽然他是个国王,但是他并不幸福。
③Fast as you run, you can’t catch up with him.(= Although you run fast, …)尽管你跑得很快,你也赶不上他。
④Try as he did, he couldn’t solve the problem.(= Although he tried, …) 不管他怎么努力,他也没能解决这个问题。
有时候though引导的让步状语从句也用此倒装句型。
6. 频度副词often, always, once等位于句首时,句子要部分倒装。其句型为:“频度副词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分”。如:
①Often did we warn them not to do so.我们经常警告他们不要这样做。
②Always will we remember the importance of the meeting. 我们将永远记住这次会议的重要性。
7. if引导的虚拟条件句含有were, had,should, would, could 时,如果省略if,从句要部分倒装。其句型为:“Were/Had/Should/Would/Could +主语+其他成分”。如:
①Were you a bird, you should fly in the sky.(= If you were a bird, …).如果你是一只鸟,你就应该在天空飞翔。
②Had you come earlier, you could have seen him in the flesh.(=If you had come earlier, …) 如果你早点来的话,你就能见到他本人了。
③Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.(= If it should rain tomorrow, …)如果明天下雨,我们将推迟运动会。
8. 其他情况。
有时为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语,或为了使上下文衔接紧密,需要倒装。如:
①The soldiers arrived at a house, in front of which sat a small boy. 士兵们到达了一处房子,房前坐着一个小男孩。
②Gone are the days when we had to use“foreign oil”.我们用“洋油”的时代一去不复返了。
③To the list may be added the following names. 名单上还可以加上以下这些名字。