论文部分内容阅读
大部分北美和西欧国家已经颁布了国内环境影响评估法,同时,也采用了区域协定来规定跨界环境影响评估。区域性的环境影响评估协定在很大程度上反映了这些国内环境影响评估法。每一个跨界环境影响评估协定都是非歧视原则的适用。由于作为国际环境法基石的1972年《斯德哥尔摩宣言》原则21自身存在的缺陷,从逻辑上看来原则21是要求对可能引起跨界损害的活动进行潜在跨界影响评估,也就是跨界环境影响评估。同样的,评估也是一个通知和磋商的逻辑先决条件。胜于作为原则21的必然结果,跨界环境影响评估也可以被视为国内法律制度中发展的环境影响评估法的派生物或特别情况。国内环境影响评估并没有形成与原则21这一对重大或实质性的环境损害的普遍禁止规则相当的国内法。
Most of North and West European countries have enacted domestic EIA laws, and regional agreements have also been adopted to stipulate transboundary environmental impact assessments. Regional environmental impact assessment agreements to a large extent reflect these domestic environmental impact assessment law. Every transboundary environmental impact assessment agreement applies to the principle of non-discrimination. Due to the flaws inherent in principle 21 of the Stockholm Declaration of 1972, which is the cornerstone of international environmental law, Principle 21 is logically called for a potential transboundary impact assessment of activities that may cause transboundary harm, that is, transboundary environmental impacts Evaluation. Likewise, the assessment is also a logical prerequisite for notification and consultation. Rather than as a corollary to Principle 21, transboundary environmental impact assessments can also be considered as derivatives or special cases of the environmental impact assessment law developed in domestic legal systems. The domestic EIA does not form a national law that is comparable to principle 21, a general prohibition of material or substantive environmental damage.