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目的:调查成都地区变应性鼻炎患者主要变应原的分布特点。方法:采用标准化变应原对286例经四川大学华西医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医师检查怀疑患有变应性鼻炎的门诊患者进行皮肤点刺试验。结果:皮肤点刺试验阳性率80.8%,前5位的变应原分别为屋尘螨(66.4%)、粉尘螨(65.0%)、杂草(36.4%)、霉菌Ⅱ(25.2%)、霉菌Ⅰ(21.3%)。不同性别之间变应原分布无差异,儿童对粉尘螨和屋尘螨的敏感程度明显高于成人。绝大多数变应性鼻炎患者对多个变应原皮试反应阳性。结论:成都地区变应原的分布特点与气候的特殊性一致,尘螨是最重要的变应原,应重视对尘螨的特异性免疫治疗的开展。
Objective: To investigate the distribution of major allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in Chengdu. Methods: 286 cases of outpatients with allergic rhinitis who were suspected to have allergic rhinitis were treated with otolaryngology and head and neck surgeons in West China Hospital of Sichuan University by using standardized allergens. Results: The positive rate of skin prick test was 80.8%. The top five allergens were house dust mites (66.4%), dust mite (65.0%), weeds (36.4%), molds Ⅱ Ⅰ (21.3%). There was no difference in the distribution of allergens among different genders. The sensitivity of children to house dust mites and house dust mites was significantly higher than that of adults. The vast majority of allergic rhinitis patients with multiple allergens skin test positive. CONCLUSION: The distribution of allergens in Chengdu is consistent with the particularity of climate. Dust mite is the most important allergen, and specific immunotherapy of dust mites should be emphasized.