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目的:探究船员远航前后机体微量元素、淋巴细胞亚群比例和肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)的变化,为出海前预防微量元素失衡及免疫系统紊乱提供理论依据。方法:选取2016-03赴某海域连续海上作业108d某远洋测量船船员61名,于出海前后采集其空腹静脉血,比较外周血微量元素(钙、镁、铁、铜、锌和铅)、淋巴细胞亚群比例及TNF水平。结果:出海前后钙离子水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与出海前相比,出海后铅离子水平升高,镁离子、铁离子、铜离子和锌离子水平下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。出海前后抑制毒性T细胞比例和CD4/CD8差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与出海前相比,出海后辅助性T细胞和总T淋巴细胞的比例均有所下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。出海后船员血清TNF水平(14.75±5.95)ng/L低于出海前的(18.77±6.25)ng/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:进行长时间远洋航行的船员机体微量元素、淋巴细胞亚群比例和TNF水平出现一定失衡,但仍处于正常范围内。出海前制订合理的膳食计划、给予心理干预可为预防微量元素失衡及免疫系统紊乱提供一定帮助。
OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of body trace elements, lymphocyte subsets and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) before and after the voyage for seafarers to provide a theoretical basis for preventing the imbalance of trace elements and immune system disorders before going to sea. Methods: Sixty-one sea-going crew members of 108d ocean-going surveyors who went to sea in 2016-03 were selected to collect the fasting venous blood samples before and after sea-going. The levels of trace elements (calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc and lead) Cell subpopulation ratio and TNF level. Results: There was no significant difference in Ca2 + level before and after going to sea (P> 0.05). Compared with those before sea-going, the levels of lead ion increased, and the levels of magnesium, iron, copper and zinc decreased after sea discharge (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the proportion of T / T cells and CD4 / CD8 ratio before and after sea treatment (P> 0.05). Compared with those before sea-going, the proportions of helper T cells and total T lymphocytes decreased after sea leaving, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The seaman’s serum TNF level (14.75 ± 5.95) ng / L after going to sea was lower than that before going to sea (18.77 ± 6.25) ng / L, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is a certain imbalance between the body’s trace elements, lymphocyte subsets and TNF levels in long-time ocean voyages, but it is still within the normal range. Before going to sea to develop a reasonable diet plan, give psychological intervention for the prevention of trace element imbalances and immune system to provide some help.