N ew Y ork City is the largest city in A m erica today.But in the18thcentury it w as sm aller than Philadelphia and Boston.In early A m ericanhistory,Boston w a
Exotic species are assumed to alter ecosystem functioning. However, little is known of the relationships within vertically structured plant communities such as
Climate change is not just a global problem. When ecological conditions are altered by people, local climate will also be transformed. This local climate change
Soil compaction is a limitation to establishment of native forest species on reclaimed surfacemined lands in Appalachia. Previously, non-native forage species s
The soils that lay below humid ecosystems are characterized as being significant holders of carbon. Because of the great susceptibility of this type of environm