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目的:了解贵州省黔南州农村布依、苗、水族少数民族儿童体格发育状况及其影响因素。方法:采用分层整群抽样方法选取贵州省黔南州农村1~7岁布依、苗、水族1867名儿童进行体重、身高、头围、胸围4项指标检测,并对影响体格生长发育的相关因素进行logistic多元回归分析。结果:黔南州农村3民族儿童体重、身高、头围、胸围发育水平均随着年龄的增加而增高,男性儿童4项指标测量值>女性儿童;布依族男、女儿童各年龄段4项指标测定平均值均高于2005年全国9市郊区儿童测定平均值(P<0.05),苗族和水族男、女儿童各年龄段4项指标测定平均值均低于2005年全国9市郊区儿童测定平均值(P<0.05);布依族男、女性儿童各年龄段4项指标测量平均值分别与苗族、水族男、女儿童同年龄段比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,儿童的年龄、出生孕周、出生体重、父母亲文化水平、喂养方式、家庭经济收入、饮食行为和习惯、居住环境等是影响3民族儿童体格生长发育的主要因素。结论:贵州省黔南州农村布依、苗、水族儿童体格发育存在民族差异。
Objective: To understand the physical development status and its influencing factors of Buyi, Miao and Shui Minority Children in Qiannan Prefecture of Guizhou Province. Methods: Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1867 children from 1 to 7 years old in rural Guizhou Qiannan Prefecture to measure body weight, height, head circumference and chest circumference, and to test the correlation between physical growth and development Factors logistic multiple regression analysis. Results: The body mass, height, head circumference and chest circumference of 3 ethnic children in rural Qiannan Prefecture increased with the increase of age. Four indicators of male children were measured> female children; 4 of Buyi male and female children of all ages The average values of the indicators were all higher than the average of the children in 9 suburb of China in 2005 (P <0.05). The average of 4 indicators of Miao and Shui boys and girls in all ages were lower than that of the children in 9 suburb of China in 2005 (P <0.05). The mean values of 4 indicators in each age group of Buyi men and women were statistically different from the same age groups of Miao, Shui men and women (P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that children’s age, gestational age, birth weight, parental education level, mode of feeding, family income, dietary behaviors and habits, living environment and so on were all the main factors affecting the physical growth and development of 3 ethnic children. Conclusion: There are ethnic differences in the physical development of Bui, Miao and Aquatic children in Qiannan Prefecture of Guizhou Province.