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依据农业系统工程原理,对旱地小麦高产优质关键技术,采取单因子与复因子、小区试验与大区示范相结合的方法,集中研究了小麦良种、科学施肥、旱地耕作、规范播种和综合农业措施等。研究结果表明,乾县北原旱地小麦生产潜力巨大;筛选出的三个适合当地种植的小麦优良品种,较原当家品种一般增产20％左右;施肥研究得出最佳施氮量为7.5公斤,最佳施磷量为7.35公斤;深松耕法研究比传统耕法多蓄水14毫米,增产8—12.5％,耕作工效提高41.8％;残茬覆盖耕作法多蓄水41.95毫米,增产18.1％;综合农艺措施数学模型研究得出的最优解为 9月18日播种,播量20万粒,施纯氮纯磷各12公斤,油渣80公斤,亩产小麦432.12公斤;规范化播种研究确定乾县北原旱地小麦佳播期为 9月20日左右,最适播量 24万粒。大面积示范证明,这些技术对促进黄土台 类似的地区小麦生产具有现实指导意义。
According to the principle of agricultural system engineering, the key technologies of high yield and high quality wheat in dryland were studied. The single factor and complex factor, the combination of community experiment and large area demonstration were used to study the effects of wheat seed, scientific fertilization, dryland farming, standardized sowing and comprehensive agricultural measures Wait. The results showed that there was a great potential for wheat production in northern dryland of Qianxian County. Three fine varieties of wheat suitable for local cultivation were selected, which increased about 20% compared with that of original cultivars. The best nitrogen application rate was 7.5 kg Phosphorus yield was 7.35 kg. Deep plowing was 14 mm more than the conventional tillage method, yielding 8-12.5% of the total tillage and 41.8% of the plow efficiency. The stubble covered more than 41.95 mm of tillage with an increase of 18.1% The optimal solution obtained from the mathematical model of comprehensive agronomic measures was sown on September 18 with a sowing volume of 200,000, applying 12 kg of pure nitrogen and pure phosphorus, 80 kg of oil residue and 432.12 kg of mu produce wheat respectively; County northern dryland wheat good sowing date is about September 20, the optimum sowing 240,000. Large-scale demonstration proves that these technologies have realistic guiding significance for promoting wheat production in similar areas of Loess Plateau.