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目的：研究癌性胸水细胞中的端粒酶活性。方法：采用PCR－TRAP方法检测癌性胸水细胞标本中的端粒酶活性，并将检测结果与细胞学诊断结果进行比较。结果：57例诊断明确的癌性胸水细胞标本经细胞学检查和端粒酶活性检测发现：在43例肺癌胸水标本中，29例细胞学阳性胸水有27例端粒酶阳性，3例细胞学可疑胸水有2例端粒酶阳性，11例细胞学阴性胸水有4例端粒酶阳性。在14例其它肿瘤胸水标本中，8例细胞学阳性及1例细胞学可疑胸水标本端粒酶检测均为阳性，5例细胞学阴性胸水有1例端粒酶阳性。细胞学诊断和端粒酶检测总阳性率分别为64．91％（37／57）和75．44％（43／57）。结论：结果提示端粒酶活性检测可能在癌性胸水诊断和鉴别诊断方面有重要辅助诊断价值。
Objective: To study the telomerase activity in cancerous pleural fluid cells. METHODS: The telomerase activity in cancerous pleural effusions was detected by PCR-TRAP and the results were compared with cytological diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 57 cases of cancerous pleural effusions were diagnosed by cytology and telomerase activity. Among the 43 cases of lung cancer pleural effusions, 29 cases were positive for telomerase in 29 cases of positive pleural effusions and 3 cases were cytology. Suspected pleural effusions were found to be positive for telomerase in 2 cases and positive for telomerase in 11 cases with cytologically negative pleural fluid. In 14 cases of other tumor pleural effusion specimens, telomerase detection was positive in 8 cases of cytology and 1 case of cytological suspicious pleural effusion, and 1 case of telomerase was positive in 5 cases of cytology negative pleural effusion. The total positive rates of cytology diagnosis and telomerase detection were 64.91% (37/57) and 75.44% (43/57), respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that detection of telomerase activity may have important diagnostic value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cancerous pleural effusion.