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我们怎样理解世界(即我们形而上学的前提),在很大程度上决定了我们怎样对待世界。而我们怎样对待世界构成了我们的基本形态,这个形态影响着我们所做的每一件事情,我们的整个文化也来源于此。本文区分了三种基本形态:第一种是建立在宗教基础上的前物质主义社会或传统社会的形态,这是一种诉求的形态,即从超自然的资源中寻求帮助;第二种是物质主义社会或现代社会抑或非宗教社会的形态,这是一种工具主义形态,它主张按照人类的需要来主宰、统治和重塑世界;第三种是未来的(即将来的)后物质主义社会的形态,这些社会是后宗教的,但不是后精神的,它们的形态是让世界按照其本性自然发展,进一步说,是在人类意愿和非人类生命意愿之间寻找一种创造性的协同,参照道家的“无为”观点可以很好地阐述这种协同。
How we understand the world (that is, the premise of our metaphysics) largely determines how we treat the world. And how we treat the world constitutes our basic form, which affects everything we do and our whole culture is derived from it. This article distinguishes three basic forms: the first one is the pre-materialist or traditional social form based on religion, a form of appeal that seeks help from supernatural sources; the second is material Socialist or modern society or non-religious society. This is a form of instrumentalism which advocates the domination, domination and reshaping of the world in accordance with the needs of humankind. The third is the future (forthcoming) post-materialistic society These societies are post-religious, but not post-spiritual, and their form is to allow the world to develop naturally according to its nature, further to find a creative synergy between human will and non-human desires Taoism’s “inaction” point of view can well illustrate this synergy.