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中国是世界上遭受自然灾害最严重的国家之一,灾害种类多、分布地域广、发生频率高、造成损失重。近年来,伴随着全球气候变化日益显著,以及国内工业化和城镇化建设不断推进,中国的资源、环境和生态压力加剧,各类自然灾害呈多发频发态势,防灾减灾形势更加严峻复杂。“十二五”时期(2011—2015年),相继发生了长江中下游严重夏伏旱、京津冀特大洪涝、四川芦山地震、甘肃岷县漳县地震、黑龙江
As one of the countries in the world suffering the most serious natural disasters, China has a large number of disasters and a wide geographical distribution with a high frequency of occurrence, resulting in heavy losses. In recent years, with the increasingly prominent global climate change, and the constant progress of domestic industrialization and urbanization, China has exacerbated the pressure of resources, environment and ecology. All kinds of natural disasters have been frequently reported and the situation of disaster prevention and reduction has become more and more complicated. During the “Twelfth Five-Year” period (2011-2015), severe summer and drought in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, severe floods in Beijing-Tianjin-Jihai area, Lushan earthquake in Sichuan Province, Zhangxian earthquake in Min County, Gansu Province and Heilongjiang