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目的对上海市闸北区农民工进行职业卫生综合干预,提高其相关知识知晓率,降低职业病发病风险。方法整群随机抽样选择研究对象,分为对照组和干预组,干预组采用集体授课、小组讨论、知识竞答、同伴教育、发放宣传资料等综合干预方法进行为期6个月的干预。对照组不进行干预。干预前后进行问卷调查。结果干预后,干预组职业卫生知识有了明显提高,《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》、职业病、粉尘与噪声的危害及防护知识、一氧化碳危害的知晓率与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。认为参加培训有帮助的比例与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预前后比较分析显示,干预组在《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》、职业病知晓率,粉尘、噪声、高温的危害及防护知识,一氧化碳危害的知晓率等方面与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。农民工对常见职业危害因素的防护知识知晓率仍然不高(粉尘64.47%,噪声65.64%,高温67.24%,一氧化碳66.44%)。结论综合干预可以有效提高农民工的职业卫生知识,改善其职业卫生态度。针对常见职业危害因素防护方面的知识应进一步加强深入的干预培训。
Objective To comprehensively integrate occupational health into migrant workers in Zhabei District, Shanghai to improve their awareness of related knowledge and reduce the risk of occupational diseases. Methods The whole study population was selected randomly by random sampling. The intervention group was divided into control group and intervention group. The intervention group took a 6-month intervention by means of collective teaching, group discussion, knowledge competition, peer education and dissemination of publicity materials. The control group did not intervene. Before and after the intervention questionnaire. Results After intervention, the occupational health knowledge of the intervention group was significantly improved. The differences between the “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases”, the hazards of occupational diseases, dust and noise, and awareness of protection and carbon monoxide hazards were statistically significant Significance (P <0.01). (P <0.05). Before and after the intervention, the intervention group showed significant differences in the “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Occupational Disease Prevention and Control”, occupational disease awareness, dust, noise, Compared with the control group, the difference was significant (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Migrant workers awareness of common occupational hazards protection knowledge is still not high (dust 64.47%, noise 65.64%, high temperature 67.24%, carbon monoxide 66.44%). Conclusion Comprehensive intervention can effectively improve the occupational health knowledge of migrant workers and improve their occupational health attitude. Knowledge of the common occupational hazards should be further strengthened by intensive intervention training.