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目的了解广州地区狂犬病暴露人群的流行病学特点、伤后自救及治疗措施,为狂犬病的防治提供科学依据。方法以2007年1-12月到广东省疾病预防控制中心门诊部就诊的狂犬病暴露人群为调查对象,用描述性流行病学方法对资料进行分析。结果共4 312例狂犬病暴露者,其中男性2 225例(占总数的51.6%),女性2 087例(占48.4%),男、女性别比为1∶0.94。暴露者的伤以上肢(2 080例,占48.24%)、单处伤(2 893例,占67.09%)和浅层伤(3 247例,占75.30%)多见;I、II级暴露者1 411例,占32.73%;18.51%的人在受伤后超过48 h就诊;不正确处理伤口者736例,占17.07%;所有犬伤暴露者均接种人用狂犬病疫苗;III级暴露者中有16.24%(471/2 901)的人注射狂犬病人免疫球蛋白;接种人用狂犬病疫苗异常反应率为4.04%。结论群众防治狂犬病意识有所提高,但狂犬病致病的危险因素仍存在,仍需加强对犬只的管理,普及狂犬病的防治知识,预防狂犬病的发生。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rabies exposed population in Guangzhou, self-help after injury and treatment measures to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of rabies. Methods From January 2007 to December 2007, CDDP patients exposed to the outpatient department of CDC were enrolled in this study, and the data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 4212 cases of rabies were exposed, including 2 225 males (51.6% of the total) and 2 087 females (48.4%), with a male / female ratio of 1: 0.94. Exposed persons were more common in the upper extremities (2,080 cases, 48.24%), unilateral injuries (2,893 cases, 67.09%) and superficial injuries (3,247 cases, 75.30% 1 411 cases, accounting for 32.73%; 18.51% of the patients were treated more than 48 hours after injury; 736 cases of incorrect treatment of wounds, accounting for 17.07%; all dogs exposed to rabies were vaccinated against human rabies vaccine; 16.24% (471/2 901) rabbits were immunized with rabies immunoglobulin. The rate of rabies vaccination inoculated rabies vaccine was 4.04%. Conclusion The awareness of prevention and treatment of rabies in the general public has risen, but the risk factors for rabies still exist. Therefore, it is still necessary to strengthen the management of dogs and popularize the prevention and treatment of rabies and prevent the occurrence of rabies.