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对生态移民概念的内涵和外延进行了重新界定和梳理,认为生态移民是指为了保护某个地区特殊的生态或让某个地区的生态得到修复而进行的非自愿性移民,往往由政府组织实施。在此基础上,从沙漠化治理的逻辑悖论与危险人口阈值理论2个方面,探讨了我国北方地区生态移民与沙漠化正逆过程之间深层次的互动关系,指出生态移民在解决区域人地冲突的过程中存在有效的协调机制。最后,通过对内蒙古的巴林右旗“玛拉沁新村”和阿拉善左旗“孪井滩”2个移民项目的比较,对我国北方沙漠化地区生态移民的现实基础、特点与存在的问题进行了总结,并提出当前最紧迫的任务是做好生态移民项目的评估与监控工作,降低生态移民的经济、生态甚至社会风险。
The connotation and denotation of the concept of ecological immigration are redefined and combed. Ecological immigration refers to involuntary resettlement for the purpose of protecting a particular ecological environment in a certain area or restoring the ecology of a certain area, and is often implemented by government organizations . On this basis, from two aspects of logic paradox of desertification control and dangerous population threshold theory, this paper explores the deep interaction between ecological immigration and positive and negative process of desertification in the north of our country. There is an effective coordination mechanism. Finally, through comparing the two immigrant projects of Balin Right Banner, Ma’alaqin New Village and Alashan Left Banner, and Twin Beach in Inner Mongolia, the realistic basis, characteristics and existence of eco-immigration in the desertification areas of northern China And put forward that the most pressing task at present is to do the assessment and monitoring of ecological resettlement projects and reduce the economic, ecological and even social risks of ecological migration.