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一、两个原则,即合作社原则和商品经济原则 我国经济体制改革的目标是建立有计划的商品经济新体制,这就决定了主导我国经济运行的基本原则是商品经济原则。它主要包含四个层次:一是每个企业,不论是国营的、集体的、合营的、合作的,还是私营的、个体的,都应当是独立的经济主体,独立核算,自主经营,照章纳税,自负盈亏。二是处理经济主体之间关系的根本法则是价值规律,各个主体间平等互利,实行等价交换,交换价值随供求状况上下浮动。三是国家对企业实行间接的宏观调控。国家计划主要是指导性计划,调节企业行为的杠杆主要是市场,国家调控市场,市场引导企业。四是商品经济的运行机制就是竞争。通过竞争实现优胜劣汰。随着经济体制改革的深入,每个企业都将处在商品经济原则覆盖之下,为它所约束,为它所调节。
One or two principles, that is, the principle of cooperatives and the principle of commodity economy The goal of China’s economic structural reform is to establish a planned new system of commodity economy, which determines the basic principle of leading the economic operation of our country as the principle of commodity economy. It mainly consists of four levels: First, each enterprise, whether state-owned, collective, joint-venture, cooperative, private or individual, should be an independent economic entity and independently account for its own business and pay taxes according to regulations , Self-financing. Second, the fundamental law governing the relationship between economic subjects is the law of value. Equality and reciprocity among all subjects are implemented. Equivalent exchange takes place. The exchange value fluctuates with the supply and demand. Third, the state implemented indirect macro-control over the enterprises. The national plan is mainly a guiding plan, and the lever that regulates corporate behavior is mainly the market, the state regulation market, and the market leading enterprises. Fourth, the operating mechanism of the commodity economy is competition. Survival of the fittest through competition. With the deepening of the reform of the economic system, every enterprise will be covered by the principle of commodity economy and be bound by it and be adjusted by it.