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为探讨刺槐种子航天搭载的生物学效应,利用‘实践8号’育种卫星搭载刺槐种子进行航天诱变处理,对诱变后的刺槐苗木进行了研究,分别从株高、地径、分枝数、节间距、针刺长度等生长性状以及叶绿素含量等方面分析航天诱变后的生物学效应。同时利用SSR标记技术进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明:刺槐航天诱变群体在2年生时,株高和地径分别较地面对照低22.0%和24.1%;3年生时分别较地面对照低13.1%和22.4%。诱变初期表现出的株高抑制作用随着生长逐渐减弱,而地径的抑制作用依旧存在,且刺槐旺枝针刺长度比地面对照缩短15.6%,主干针刺长度比地面对照缩短28.6%,方差分析显示,航天诱变群体和地面对照主干针刺长度之间的这种差异达极显著水平。航天诱变对叶绿素a含量几乎没有影响,但叶绿素总量和叶绿素b含量较地面对照分别降低18.7%和9.7%,差异达显著水平。航天诱变使叶绿素a与b的比值较地面对照增加25.6%,但差异未达显著水平。航天诱变增大了部分性状的变异系数。利用SSR分子标记未检测到航天诱变刺槐群体基因组的广泛变异。
In order to explore the biological effect of locust-carrying seeds on space shuttle, the seedlings of Robinia pseudoacacia were mutagenized using the ’Practice No. 8’ , Pitch, acupuncture length and other growth traits and chlorophyll content and other aspects of the biological effects of space mutagenesis. At the same time, SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity. The results showed that the plant height and diameter of R. pseudoacacia mutagenesis population were 22.0% and 24.1% lower than those of the ground control at 2-year-old, respectively, and 13.1% and 22.4% lower than that of the control at 3-year-old respectively. The inhibition of plant height at the initial stage of mutagenesis gradually decreased with the growth and the inhibition of ground diameter still existed. The acupuncture of Robinia pseudoacacia shortened by 15.6% than the ground control, the length of the trunk acupuncture shortened by 28.6% Analysis of variance showed that the difference between acupuncture length of space-mutagenized population and that of ground-based control reached an extremely significant level. Aerospace mutagenesis had almost no effect on the content of chlorophyll a, but the total amount of chlorophyll and chlorophyll b decreased by 18.7% and 9.7% respectively compared with the ground control, with a significant difference. Aerospace mutagenesis increased the ratio of chlorophyll a to b by 25.6% compared with the ground control, but the difference was not significant. Space mutation increased the coefficient of variation of some traits. The wide variation of the genome of Robinia pseudoacacia populations detected by SSR markers was not detected.