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由于气候变暖和人类活动的影响,随着人口增长和区域农业灌溉发展,再加上低效率水资源管理等已导致中亚区域水土生态系统的退化.主要针对前苏联解体后到2007年的时段,对中亚五国水土资源开发情况及其对安全状态指标进行对比分析.结果表明:在1988—2007年期间,哈萨克斯坦人口总数逐年减少,人均可更新水资源量和人均总取水量呈逐年增加的趋势;其它中亚4国(吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、土库曼斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦)人均水资源量出现逐年降低的趋势;乌兹别克斯坦是最大取水用户国家,次为土库曼斯坦;乌兹别克斯坦和土库曼斯坦是最大农业取水国,哈萨克斯坦是最大工业取水国,乌兹别克斯坦是最大生活取水国.到2005年,塔吉克斯坦和土库曼斯坦的淡水产量降到1989年的99%.在1992—2005年间,除了土库曼斯坦外其它中亚国家人均耕地面积逐年减少;同期,哈萨克斯坦的森林和草地面积有所减少,吉尔吉斯斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦有所扩大,塔吉克斯坦和土库曼斯坦的森林面积基本上保持不变,草地面积有所降低.乌兹别克斯坦是化肥施用和土壤盐渍化强度较严重的国家,土壤盐渍化面积占总灌溉面积从1994年50%扩大到2001年65.9%.
Due to the effects of climate change and human activities, the population degradation and the development of agricultural irrigation in the region, together with the inefficient management of water resources, have led to the degradation of soil and water ecosystems in the Central Asian region, mainly focusing on the time period from the dissolution of the former Soviet Union to 2007 , The author made a comparative analysis of the development of water and land resources in five Central Asian countries and their indicators of safety status.The results show that during the period of 1988-2007 the total population of Kazakhstan decreased year by year and the per capita renewable water resources and per capita total water withdrawal were year by year . The water resource per capita in four other Central Asian countries (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) has been decreasing year by year. Uzbekistan is the largest user of water users, followed by Turkmenistan. Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan As the largest agricultural water abstraction country, Kazakhstan is the largest industrial water abstraction country and Uzbekistan is the largest living water abatement country. By 2005, freshwater production in Tajikistan and Turkmenistan dropped to 99% in 1989. In 1992-2005, except Turkmenistan In other Central Asian countries outside Stan, the per capita arable land area has decreased year by year. In the same period, Decreased forest and pasture area in Turin, with the expansion of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, the same forest area in Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, and a decrease in the grassland area. Uzbekistan is a country with fertilizers and soil salinization intensity In the more serious countries, the area of soil salinization accounted for the total irrigated area from 50% in 1994 to 65.9% in 2001.