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清末十年,各種改良風起雲湧,蔚爲大觀,深刻影響後來的中國社會。時人觀念更新同時,難免追逐即時現實利益。1905年,上海人沈戟儀(亮棨)發起私塾改良總會,推廣私塾改良是其中一例。科舉停廢,舊式學塾地位看似急轉直下。候補縣丞沈戟儀應時而起,以有利條件出而宣導,暴得大名。但他不全注重公益,反有牟利嫌疑,事業遭遇困境。辛亥革命帶來的社會變動,給予沈氏新的活動空間。以公益示人的改良者實有多重人格,刻意隱去不佳形象一面,以致後來學者對此類事實了解不多。雁過終有留聲,若有心用力收集相對全面之史料,可發覆故實,窺知清季民初詭譎多變的人心世相。
In the late ten years of the end of the Qing Dynasty, all kinds of improvements surged and became spectacular, deeply affecting later Chinese society. At the same time, people are inevitably chasing real-time real interests. In 1905, Shanghai Shen Ji instrument (bright 棨) launched private school reform Association, to promote private school reform is one example. Imperial Examination stopped, the status of old private supplementary school seems to be turning sharply. Candidate Cheng Cheng Shen instrument halted from time to time, out of favorable conditions and outrageous name. But he did not focus on public welfare, anti-profit suspects, career difficulties. The social changes brought about by the Revolution of 1911 gave Shen a new space for activities. In fact, public improvement agents have multiple personalities, deliberately concealing the poor image side, so that later scholars do not know much about such facts. Wild goose finally left a voice, if the intention to force the collection of a relatively comprehensive historical data, can be made to cover the truth, peep at the beginning of the Qing dynasty people’s treacherous changing world.