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目的了解河南省息县2009—2010年麻疹流行病学特征,探讨控制和消除麻疹策略。方法对息县2009—2010年麻疹监测系统报告的麻疹病例进行描述流行病学分析。结果息县有90%的乡镇有麻疹病例报告,2009年报告发病率11.31/10万,2010年发病率1.18/10万,无病例死亡。2009年较2007年、2008年有明显上升,春季高发,4月份达到高峰。2009—2010年<8月龄发病数最高,3岁以下发病人数占病例总数的59.54%;男女比例为2.20∶1;2岁以下无免疫史病例占总无免疫史的80.85%;2010年3月在全县范围内开展麻腮风疫苗应急查漏补种,各乡镇适龄儿童报告接种率达95%以上,全县麻疹疫情得到有效控制,2010年麻疹发病率降至较低水平。结论麻疹发病向小月龄和大年龄段推移。主要与免疫缺漏和胎传抗体不足以及院内感染有关。加强适龄儿童和重点人群麻疹疫苗接种,提高疫苗接种率,提高麻疹监测质量加强院内感染控制是目前防制府疹的主要措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles from 2009 to 2010 in Xixian County, Henan Province, and to explore strategies to control and eliminate measles. Methods Epidemiological analysis of measles cases reported by the measles surveillance system in Xixian County from 2009 to 2010 was performed. Results In Xixian County, 90% of villages and towns have reported measles cases. In 2009, the incidence of measles cases was 11.31 / 10 million. In 2010, the incidence was 1.18 / 100,000. No case of death was reported. Compared with 2007 and 2008, there was a marked increase in 2009, with a high in spring and a peak in April. 2009-2010 <8 months of age the highest incidence of the disease, the number of patients under 3 years of age accounted for 59.54% of the total number of cases; male to female ratio was 2.20:1; 2 years of age without immunization history accounted for 80.85% of the total non-immune history; 2010 3 Month in the county to carry out vaccination MMR vaccine leak detection replant, the township of school-age children reported coverage rate of 95% or more, the county measles epidemic was effectively controlled, the incidence of measles in 2010 dropped to a low level. Conclusion The incidence of measles passed to Xiaoyue and older age groups. Mainly associated with lack of immunosuppression and fetal antibodies and nosocomial infections. To strengthen the measles vaccination of school-age children and key populations, improve the vaccination rate and improve the quality of measles surveillance. To strengthen the control of nosocomial infections is the main measure to prevent and cure measles.