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自由基又称游离基,系指外层轨道含有未配对的电子、原子团或特殊状态的分子,通常在该原子、分子或原子团的右面、上面或右上角用一符号(·)表示。氧自由基主要指超氧阴离子(O_2)、羟自由基(·OH)。单线态氧(1~O_2)和过氧化氢(H_2O_2)亦具有类似氧自由基的损伤作用,故亦属于氧自由基的范畴。由于氧自由基可引起细胞损伤和死亡,与某些疾病的发生有密切关系。因此,自由基生物学与医学是一个十分活跃的研究领域。
Free radicals, also known as free radicals, refer to molecules whose outer orbit contains unpaired electrons, radicals or special states, usually indicated by a sign (·) at the right, above, or in the upper right corner of the atom, molecule or group of atoms. Oxygen free radical mainly refers to superoxide anion (O 2), hydroxyl radical (· OH). Singlet oxygen (1 ~ O 2) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) also have similar oxygen free radical damage, it also belongs to the category of oxygen free radicals. As oxygen free radicals can cause cell damage and death, and the occurrence of certain diseases are closely related. Therefore, free radical biology and medicine is a very active field of research.