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目的探讨老年呼吸系统疾病合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的临床特点。方法回顾性分析439例呼吸系统疾病合并T2DM患者资料,分为老年组(A组,275例)和非老年组(B组,164例),比较临床特征及其预后。结果 A组呼吸系统疾病合并T2DM的发生率为62.64%(275/439),明显高于B组的37.36%(164/439)(P<0.05)。两组患者前三位呼吸系统疾病均为呼吸系统感染、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)和肺癌。A组呼吸系统感染和COPD的发病率分别为38.91%和30.18%,与B组54.27%和13.42%比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组血糖控制不良者189例(68.73%),明显多于B组的85例(51.83%)(P<0.05)。A组患者尿微量白蛋白阳性者165例(60.00%),明显多于B组的56例(34.15%)(P<0.05)。A组病死率8.73%,明显高于B组的3.66%(P<0.05)。结论老年T2DM患者合并的呼吸系统疾病以肺部感染、COPD和肺癌为多见;老年呼吸系统疾病合并T2DM患者具有血糖控制不良、肾功能受损明显和预后较差的特点。
Objective To investigate the clinical features of patients with senile respiratory diseases complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The data of 439 cases with respiratory diseases complicated with T2DM were retrospectively analyzed. The data were divided into the elderly group (group A, 275 cases) and the non-elderly group (group B, 164 cases). The clinical features and prognosis were compared. Results The incidence of T2DM with respiratory diseases in group A was 62.64% (275/439), significantly higher than that in group B (37.36%, 164/439) (P <0.05). The first three respiratory diseases in both groups were respiratory infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. The incidences of respiratory infections and COPD in group A were 38.91% and 30.18% respectively, which were significantly different from those in group B (54.27% and 13.42%, P <0.05). There were 189 cases (68.73%) of patients with poor glycemic control in group A, which were significantly more than 85 cases (51.83%) in group B (P <0.05). A group of patients with microalbuminuria in 165 cases (60.00%), significantly more than in group B 56 cases (34.15%) (P <0.05). The mortality of group A was 8.73%, which was significantly higher than that of group B (3.66%, P <0.05). Conclusions Respiratory diseases in elderly patients with T2DM are more common in lung infections, COPD and lung cancer. Elderly patients with respiratory diseases and T2DM patients have poor control of blood glucose, impaired renal function and poor prognosis.