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用于制造高强度汽车零件的锻造技术,在过去十年内与其它生产技术一起均有显著发展。本文主要结合汽车变速器生产中所广泛采用的锻压技术,探讨其发展概况。它们包括:热锻、冷锻、粉末冶金和压锻等。60年代中期之前,它们中的多数还不能用于大量生产。它们的发展在很大程度上被分散在下列技术的发展之中:1.锻压设备的自动化;2.提高锻件精度和材料利用率的无飞边锻造;3.节能;4.工厂布置和生产系统的改善。同时,还开发了一些全新的技术,如:(1)粉末冶金和粉末锻造;(2)压锻;(3)横轧;(4)齿轮的锻造等。这些新技术将在以下各节予以详细说明。
The forging technology used to make high-strength automotive parts has seen significant growth with other manufacturing technologies over the past decade. This paper mainly discusses the development of forging technology which is widely used in the production of automobile transmission. They include: hot forging, cold forging, powder metallurgy and press forging. Until the mid-1960s, most of them could not yet be used for mass production. Their development is largely dispersed in the development of the following technologies: 1. Automating forging equipment; 2. No flash forging to improve forgings’ accuracy and material utilization; 3. Energy saving; 4. Plant layout and production System improvement. At the same time, some new technologies have also been developed, such as: (1) powder metallurgy and powder forging; (2) press forging; (3) cross rolling; (4) gear forging and the like. These new technologies will be described in detail in the following sections.