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目的了解各种生产温室基本卫生状况,为今后制定生产温室卫生标准,保护从业者身体健康促进生产温室产业健康发展提供科学依据。方法运用卫生工程学流行病学原理对各种生产温室基本状况、微小气候、空气质量、从业者健康指标进行调查分析评估。结果养殖、食用菌、花卉、蔬菜四类温室的微小气候无显著性差别(χ2=1.82 P>0.05)。空气细菌总数养殖、食用菌、蔬菜三类温室显著高于花卉种植温室(χ2=12.8 P<0.05)。养殖和食用菌温室甲醛浓度明显高于花卉和蔬菜生产温室(χ2=15 P<0.05)。养殖类温室氨的浓度显著高于其他三类生产温室(11倍)。从业者腰膝酸疼症状患病率与从业时间成正比(χ2=7.8,P<0.05),随温室高度降低而增加(χ2=5.8,P<0.05)。结论生产温室是一种相对封闭和具有独特微小气候的生产场所,存在较多卫生安全问题,应尽快制定相应卫生标准规范生产温室产业的生产行为,保护从业者身体健康促进温室产业健康发展。
Objective To understand the basic health status of all kinds of greenhouse production and provide a scientific basis for the future development of greenhouse health standards, protect the health of practitioners and promote the healthy development of greenhouse industry. Methods The epidemiological principles of hygienic engineering were used to investigate and evaluate the basic condition, microclimate, air quality and practitioners’ health indicators of various kinds of production greenhouses. Results There was no significant difference in the microclimate of greenhouse, edible fungus, flower and vegetable (χ2 = 1.82 P> 0.05). The total number of air bacteria breeding, edible fungi, vegetables three kinds of greenhouse was significantly higher than the flower planting greenhouse (χ2 = 12.8 P <0.05). Formaldehyde concentrations in greenhouse and edible fungi were significantly higher than those in flowers and vegetables (χ2 = 15 P <0.05). Aquaculture greenhouse ammonia concentration was significantly higher than the other three types of production greenhouse (11 times). The prevalence of lumbar-knee ache symptoms was proportional to practitioners’ time (χ2 = 7.8, P <0.05), and increased with decreasing height of greenhouse (χ2 = 5.8, P <0.05). Conclusion The production greenhouse is a relatively closed and unique micro-climate production sites, there are more health and safety issues, should develop relevant health standards as soon as possible to regulate the production of greenhouse production practices to protect the health of practitioners to promote the healthy development of the greenhouse industry.