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目的探讨新生儿乙肝疫苗接种对乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBs Ag)即时检测的影响。方法分别采用化学发光(定量分析)和酶联免疫吸附试验(定性分析)检测接种乙肝疫苗后新生儿血清中的HBs Ag,并用化学发光法确认实验验证。结果在142名出生后已接种乙肝疫苗的新生儿中,免后采血检测时间在出生1周龄内的107名新生儿,其血清中HBs Ag定量检出阳性的共有18人,阳性率为16.82%;采血时间在出生1周龄以上的新生儿,其HBs Ag定量检出阳性1人,阳性率为2.86%;两者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对两组检出的19名阳性者中11名3~5天后进行复测,所有复测者的HBs Ag滴度均明显下降,其中2人已转阴。结论乙肝疫苗接种可使部分新生儿HBs Ag检测呈阳性,而不是乙肝病毒感染的标志。
Objective To investigate the impact of neonatal hepatitis B vaccination on the real-time detection of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs Ag). Methods The chemiluminescence (CL) and ELISA (qualitative analysis) were used to detect the serum HBsAg in neonates after hepatitis B vaccination, and the results were confirmed by the chemiluminescence method. Results Of the 142 newborns who had been vaccinated with HBV after birth, 107 newborns with one week of postnatal blood test were positive for the detection of HBsAg in sera, the positive rate was 16.82 %. The positive rate of HBsAg was 1% in neonates who were born more than 1 week old. The positive rate was 2.86%. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). 11 out of 19 positive individuals in both groups were retested 3 to 5 days later. The HBsAg titer of all the retest participants decreased significantly, of whom 2 were negative. Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccination can make some neonates HBsAg positive, rather than a sign of hepatitis B virus infection.