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以‘泰农18’小麦为材料,于2012—2013年进行大田试验,设置当地农民习惯栽培模式(FP)、超高产栽培模式(SH)和高产高效栽培模式(HH)3个处理,研究了不同栽培模式对小麦光能截获量、光能利用效率、干物质积累量、收获指数、籽粒产量和肥料偏生产力的影响.结果表明:SH模式小麦全生育期的光能截获量、光能利用效率、干物质积累量和籽粒产量显著高于FP模式.相对于FP模式,虽然HH模式的小麦全生育期光能截获量较低,但其光能利用效率、干物质积累量及收获指数均显著提高,从而使其籽粒产量显著提高.相对于SH模式,虽然HH模式的籽粒产量在高、低肥力水平下分别降低3.8%和2.8%,而氮、磷、钾肥的偏生产力在两肥力水平下分别提高26.4%、68.5%、92.6%.在本试验条件下,综合考虑籽粒产量和养分利用效率,以“降肥、增密、延播”为技术特点的高产高效栽培模式为推荐的优化栽培模式.
Field experiment was conducted in ’TaiNan 18’ wheat from 2012 to 2013, and three treatments including local peasant habitat cultivation (FP), super high yield cultivation (SH) and high yield and high efficiency cultivation (HH) The effects of different cultivation modes on intercepted light energy, light energy use efficiency, dry matter accumulation, harvest index, grain yield and fertilizer biodegradability of wheat were studied.The results showed that the interception of light energy and light energy Efficiency, dry matter accumulation and grain yield were significantly higher than that of FP mode.Compared with FP mode, although light intercepted by HH mode during whole growth period was lower, its light energy use efficiency, dry matter accumulation and harvest index Significantly increased compared with the SH model.Compared with the SH model, although the grain yield of HH model decreased by 3.8% and 2.8% at high and low fertility levels respectively, the bioproductivity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were at two levels of fertility Under the experimental conditions, taking into account the grain yield and nutrient utilization efficiency, the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation mode with the technical characteristics of “reducing fat, densifying and spreading” was recommended of Cultivation mode.