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目的了解医院重症监护病房老年患者下呼吸道医院感染情况,为有效控制医院感染提供参考。方法采用回顾性调查与前瞻性监测相结合的方法,对某教学医院重症监护病房住院患者医院感染现状进行了调查。结果共调查该重症监护病房60岁以上老年患者1 152例,发生下呼吸道医院感染患者356例,平均感染发生率为30.90%。下呼吸道感染病原菌居前三位的是铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和嗜麦芽窄单胞菌。高龄、住院时间和病情严重程度是老年患者下呼吸道感染主要危险因素。结论该医院重症监护病房老年患者下呼吸道医院感染发生率较高,老年患者病情严重和长期住院是引发下呼吸道感染主要危险因素。
Objective To understand the nosocomial infection of lower respiratory tract in elderly patients in intensive care unit of hospital and provide reference for effective control of nosocomial infection. Methods A retrospective survey and prospective surveillance were used to investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infections in intensive care units of a teaching hospital. Results A total of 1 152 cases of elderly patients over the age of 60 in the intensive care unit and 356 cases of nosocomial infections in the lower respiratory tract were enrolled. The average infection rate was 30.90%. The top three pathogens of lower respiratory tract infection are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Elderly, length of stay and severity of illness are the major risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection in elderly patients. Conclusion The incidence of nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection is higher in elderly patients in intensive care unit of the hospital. The elderly patients are in serious condition and long-term hospitalization is the main risk factor of lower respiratory tract infection.